Table 1.
Characteristics at baseline of the included patients and lost to follow-up patients
| Demographics and risk factors | Included in follow-up n = 51 | Lost to follow-up n = 29 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (SD) | 67 (12) | 75.1 (7) | 0.001* |
| Male (%) | 30 (59) | 16 (55) | 0.755 |
| Lacunar stroke/mVCI (%) | 36 (71)/ 15 (29) | 8 (28)/21 (73) | < 0.001* |
| Educational level (%) | 0.385 | ||
| Low | 24 (47) | 11 (38) | |
| Average | 18 (35) | 11 (38) | |
| High | 9 (18) | 7 (24) | |
| Hypertension (%) | 33 (65) | 18 (62) | 0.816 |
| Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 29 (60) | 16 (55) | 0.885 |
| Diabetes (%) | 4 (8) | 8 (28) | 0.017* |
| BMI kg/m2 (SD) | 26 (4) | 25 (4) | 0.493 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 6 (12) | 9 (31) | 0.034* |
| Peripheral artery disease (%) | 2 (4) | 3 (10) | 0.259 |
| Smoking (%) | 14 (28) | 5 (17) | 0.308 |
| Time to follow-up, months (SD) | 26 (1) | - | |
| MRI measures | |||
| Relative brain volume (SE) | 0.675 (0.007) | 0.654 (0.008) | 0.633 |
| Relative WMH volume (SE) | 0.014 (0.002) | 0.016 (0.003) | 0.058 |
| Total WMH Fazekas score, median (IQR) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (3–6) | 0.197 |
| Silent lacunar infarct (%) | 26 (51) | 12 (41) | 0.588 |
| Microbleeds (%) | 12 (24) | 6 (21) | 0.898 |
| BBB leakage volume: vL (%) | |||
| NAWM (SD) | 32 (16) | 41 (16) | 0.030* |
| WMH (SD) | 39 (19) | 48 (20) | 0.067 |
| CGM (SD) | 18 (11) | 24 (13) | 0.035* |
| DGM (SD) | 30 (19) | 40 (17) | 0.030* |
| BBB leakage rate: Ki (10−4 min−1) | |||
| NAWM (SD) | 3.1 (1.6) | 3.6 (1.4) | 0.195 |
| WMH (SD) | 3.4 (2.0) | 3.9 (1.9) | 0.280 |
| CGM (SD) | 2.3 (1.2) | 2.4 (1.1) | 0.069 |
| DGM (SD) | 3.1 (2.0) | 3.7 (2.0) | 0.155 |
SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error; IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; NAWM, normal-appearing white matter; WMH, white matter hyperintensities; CGM, cortical grey matter; DGM, deep cortical grey matter; Brain volume, brain volume normalized to intracranial volume; WMH volume, WMH volume normalized to intracranial volume. Total Fazekas score: Periventricular (0–3) and deep (0–3) WMH scores were summed. * P < 0.05