Table 2.

Associations between baseline BBB leakage volume and rate and cognitive decline

	Overall		Executive		Speed		Memory
	Adjusted* B (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted* B (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted* B (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted* B (95% CI)	P-value
vL
NAWM	0.72 (0.10–1.34)	0.023†	1.29 (0.30–2.28)	0.012†	− 0.29 (− 1.59–1.01)	0.652	− 0.01 (− 1.32–1.29)	0.982
WMH	0.43 (− 0.09–0.96)	0.102	0.92 (0.09–1.75)	0.031†	− 0.49 (− 1.55–0.57)	0.353	− 0.15 (− 1.22–0.92)	0.782
CGM	1.40 (0.59–2.21)	0.001†	2.11 (0.77–3.46)	0.003†	0.56 (− 1.36–2.49)	0.590	1.49 (− 0.25–3.24)	0.092
DGM	0.28 (− 0.26–0.82)	0.298	0.83 (− 0.02–1.68)	0.056	− 0.51 (− 1.60–0.57)	0.344	− 0.23 (− 1.33–0.86)	0.668
Ki
NAWM	0.65 (0.065–1.23)	0.030†	0.80 (− 0.18–1.78)	0.106	− 0.25 (− 1.51–1.01)	0.687	0.22 (− 1.04–1.48)	0.730
WMH	0.43 (− 0.05–0.92)	0.078	0.59 (− 0.21–1.39)	0.145	− 0.49 (− 1.51–0.53)	0.339	0.15 (− 0.88–1.18)	0.768
CGM	1.34 (0.64–2.00)	< 0.001†	1.90 (0.71–3.11)	0.003†	0.61 (− 1.13–2.35)	0.484	1.86 (0.33–3.34)	0.018†
DGM	0.31 (− 0.20–0.81)	0.223	0.62 (− 0.19–1.42)	0.132	− 0.52 (− 1.54–0.49)	0.306	− 0.14 (− 1.17–0.89)	0.784

B values represent standardized regression coefficients. v_L, leakage volume (%); K_i, leakage rate (10⁻³ min⁻¹); CI, confidence interval; NAWM, normal-appearing white matter; WMH, white matter hyperintensities; CGM, cortical grey matter; DGM, deep cortical grey matter

^*Adjusted for age, sex, educational level, baseline relative WMH volume and baseline brain volume

^†P < 0.05