Table 2.
Summary of MI use with viruses
| Template virus | Imprinted on: | Applications |
|---|---|---|
| Small RNA plant viruses: Turnip yellow mosaic virus and tomato bushy stunt virus | Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) | Designing VIPs that have selective recognition to plant viruses [44] |
| Hepatitis A (HAV) and B viruses (HBV) | N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) | Detection and differentiation of HAV and HBV in human serum within 20 min [45] |
| Zika | Graphene | Detecting of the native Zika virus [46] |
| Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) glycoprotein 51(gp51) | Polypyrrole | Detection of BLV-gp51 [47] |
| HIV type 1 related protein (glycoprotein 41, pg41) | The surface of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) chip | Determining disease progression and the efficacy of drug intervention [48] |
| Dengue virus protein NS1 (pentadecapeptide; linear epitope of the virus) | The surface of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) chip | Detecting the Dengue virus protein [49] |
| Nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 | Au-TFE chip | Detecting for positive patients with the virus [50] |
| Mutated spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, SARS, Ebola | On the top of four sensor layers | Detecting the presence of the virus in air (unpublished data) |
| Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 | Plastic antibodies | Block the binding between the virus and ACE2 receptor [51] |