HSF1 and sHSP expressions in L. trifolii injected with dsHSF1 and dsGFP. (A) Expression of HSF1. (B) Expression of LtHSP19.5, LtHSP20.8, LtHSP21.3, LtHSP21.7, and LtHSP21.7b. Data were analyzed by Student’s t-test, P < 0.05. Asterisks represent significant differences between dsGFP and dsHSF1-treated insects; ns indicates no significant difference