Fig. 1.

Partial correlation of cadmium levels on maximum life span (MLS) taking into account body mass for data obtained on zoo animals. Cadmium (Cd) content in liver and kidney correlates with maximum life span (MLS) in mammals (A). This partial correlation is confirmed when data for females and males are analyzed separately (B). The dataset is pooled from Ninomiya et al. [58], Koizumi et al. [44], and Ninomiya et al. [59] (see Supplementary Information 1). Tissue Cd content and species MLS were log10-transformed. Sample size, Pearson correlation coefficients, and p-values are indicated for each analysis. Regression lines for plots with p < 0.05 are indicated in red