Fig. 6.

Expression of fibrotic signaling by sex and age in response to 1 week of isoproterenol (ISO). a Periostin (POSTN) expression was upregulated in juvenile mice, adult males, and aged mice of both sexes exposed to ISO. b Fibronectin (FN1) expression was upregulated in adult male mice and aged female mice. c Collagen 1A1 (COL1A1) was upregulated in adult males and aged animals of both sexes. d α-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) expression was upregulated in aged mice in response to ISO. Gene expression was assessed by qRT-PCR and expressed as fold change relative to CON within age and sex. Data are presented as means ± SEM. *P < 0.05 is assessed using Student’s t-test to compare ISO and CON within age and sex, n = 6/group