Table 4.

Different model outputs with calculated QIC_u.

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4			Model 5			Model 6
QIC u	976341.2			976874			977759.3			985834			978755			982713.3
Coefficient	$\widehat{\beta }$	p		$\widehat{\beta }$	p		$\widehat{\beta }$	p		$\widehat{\beta }$	p		$\widehat{\beta }$	p		$\widehat{\beta }$	p
(Intercept)	6.61	< 0.001		6.59	< 0.001		6.49	< 0.001		6.77	< 0.001		6.37	< 0.001		6.88	< 0.001
Age	0.01	< 0.001		0.01	< 0.001		0.01	< 0.001		0.01	< 0.001		0.01	< 0.001
Wealth index
Ref (Poorest)
Poor	0.04	0.64		0.05	0.59		-0.01	0.87		0.04	0.68		0.00	0.98		−0.02	0.85
Middle	0.09	0.32		0.09	0.34		0.00	1.00		0.09	0.29		0.00	0.96		0.02	0.82
Rich	0.41	< 0.001		0.40	< 0.001		0.30	< 0.001		0.41	< 0.001		0.31	< 0.001		0.31	< 0.001
Richest	0.59	< 0.001		0.58	< 0.001		0.53	< 0.001		0.61	< 0.001		0.53	< 0.001		0.42	< 0.001
Marital status
Ref (Single)
Married	−0.04	0.63					0.00	1.00		−0.03	0.76
Separated	−0.24	0.07					−0.15	0.25		−0.19	0.17
Divorced	−0.22	0.07					−0.06	0.63		−0.12	0.35
Education
Ref (None)
Primary	−0.25	< 0.001		−0.24	< 0.001					−0.27	< 0.001
Secondary	-0.41	< 0.001		−0.38	< 0.001					−0.44	< 0.001
Post secondary	−0.08	0.52		−0.05	0.70					−0.12	0.33
Sex
Ref (Male)
Female							−0.16	< 0.001		−0.19	< 0.001

The model with the lowest QIC_u was selected as the best fitting model. In our case, Model 1 was selected as the most parsimonious model for predicting outpatient care cost among households in Kenya using the KHHEUS 2018.

Bold values shows the least of QICu for the best model.