Table 3.

Change in total health-care costs per year by disease severity (Clinical Practice Research Datalink–Hospital Episodes Statistics database, 2005–2017)

Group	Change in all-cause health-care costs/year, £ a , b	95% CIs, £		P-value
All patients (n = 802)	616	560	672	<0.0001
Mild SLE (n = 369)c	262	194	330	<0.0001
Moderate SLE (n = 345)c	788	699	878	<0.0001
Severe SLE (n = 88)c	1228	981	1476	<0.0001

^aCosts are expressed in 2017 UK pounds. ^bCalculated using random intercept patient-specific models. ^cSLE disease severity was classified as mild, moderate or severe using an adapted claims-based algorithm that uses SLE-related conditions and medications.