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. 2021 Sep 22;12:715601. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.715601

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Copyright © 2021 Wierz, Gaube, Klebsch, Kaltenpoth and Flórez.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Environmental acquisition of B. gladioli Lv-StA by L. villosa evaluated via qPCR. Abundances of Lv-StA in single glands of adult L. villosa females exposed as aposymbiotic larvae to the bacteria are shown. Detected gene copy numbers of Lv-StA 16S rRNA are significantly higher in individuals that were exposed to infected leaves (N=20) than in non-exposed control insects (N=12; Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, p<0.001). Titers in non-exposed beetles were on par with or below qPCR NCs, which include no-template samples (3x) and E. coli genomic DNA (1x). Dots within the violin plot represent individual samples and lines indicate the median.