Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients with diabetic nephropathy by the median of fast food consumption*.
| Variables † | All patients | FFC tertiles | P value | ||
| First tertile (n=133) | Second tertile (n=132) | Third tertile (n=132) | |||
| Age(yr) | 65.54 ± 9.76 | 66.46 ± 10.20 | 63.39 ± 9.28a,b | 66.79 ± 9.47 | < 0.01 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 23.35 ± 3.53 | 23.29 ± 3.42 | 22.95 ± 2.90 | 23.81 ± 4.14 | 0.13 |
| WC(cm) | 101.96 ± 11.09 | 102.08 ± 10.12 | 102.39 ± 12.13 | 101.42 ± 10.99 | 0.77 |
| Physical activity (MET.h/wk) | 49.3 ± 12.1 | 47.9 ± 13.0 | 49.0 ± 11.3 | 48.6 ± 11.5 | 0.21 |
| Female (%) | 48.4 | 43.6 | 59.1 | 42.4 | 0.01 |
| Overweight or obese‡ | 29.4 | 27.5 | 22.0 | 44.0 | 0.01 |
| Abdominal obesity§(%) | 76.6 | 74.4 | 81.8 | 73.5 | 0.22 |
| Medications use¥(%) | 11.8 | 12.0 | 10.6 | 12.9 | 0.85 |
| SES | |||||
| Weak (%) | 9.1 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 6.1 | |
| Moderate (%) | 31.5 | 27.8 | 30.3 | 36.4 | |
| High (%) | 35.5 | 34.6 | 37.9 | 32.6 | |
| Very high (%) | 24.4 | 27.1 | 21.2 | 25.0 | 0.53 |
BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalents; SES, socioeconomic status; WC, waistcircumference
* Values are mean ± SE unless indicated. Letters indicate differences within a tertile: avs. other tertiles, P < 0.05, b vs. tertile 1, P < 0.05.
† P-values were calculated by one way ANOVA for continuous variables and x2 for categorical variables.
‡ Overweight or obese: BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2
§ Abdominally obese: WC ≥ 102 cm for men and WC ≥ 88 cm for women.
¥ Medications included antihypertensives, lipid-lowering agents, antidiabetics, antiacids, hormones, multivitamins and minerals, and anticoagulant agents.