Table 3. The crude and adjusted mean values of biochemical factors, blood pressure, and waist circumference across tertiles of fast-food consumption among the study population.
| Variables | FFC tertiles | P value | ||
| First tertile (n=133) | Second tertile (n=132) | Third tertile (n=132) | ||
| Fasting blood sugar (mg/Dl) | ||||
| crude | 128.76 ± 13.71 | 128.73 ± 15.35 | 131.08 ± 15.74 | 0.34 |
| Model 1 | 128.43 ± 13.90 | 130.10 ± 14.10 | 129.99 ± 13.81 | 0.55 |
| Model 2 | 128.90 ± 15.73 | 130.48 ± 13.94 | 129.14 ± 16.13 | 0.62 |
| Model 3 | 128.84 ± 15.76 | 130.55 ± 13.99 | 129.13 ± 16.14 | 0.58 |
| HbA1C (%) | ||||
| crude | 8.00 ± 13.77 | 6.28 ± 0.53 | 6.30 ± 0.45 | 0.13 |
| Model 1 | 8.01 ± 7.98 | 6.48 ± 8.10 | 6.02 ± 7.93 | 0.08 |
| Model 2 | 7.93 ± 9.18 | 6.38 ± 8.13 | 6.29 ± 9.41 | 0.30 |
| Model 3 | 7.95 ± 9.20 | 6.35 ± 8.17 | 6.29 ± 9.42 | 0.25 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||
| crude | 271.24 ± 21.67 | 273.19 ± 16.64 | 265.37 ± 28.66 | 0.02 |
| Model 1 | 272.05 ± 22.84 | 272.51 ± 23.17 | 265.11 ± 22.70 | 0.01 |
| Model 2 | 268.64 ± 26.15 | 272.18 ± 23.18 | 268.89 ± 26.82 | 0.40 |
| Model 3 | 268.70 ± 26.22 | 272.10 ± 23.28 | 268.90 ± 26.84 | 0.42 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | ||||
| crude | 255.10 ± 35.32 | 253.62 ± 29.87 | 246.00 ± 36.95 | 0.07 |
| Model 1 | 254.18 ± 33.05 | 255.05 ± 33.54 | 245.41 ± 32.85 | 0.03 |
| Model 2 | 252.45 ± 37.89 | 254.96 ± 37.57 | 247.25 ± 38.83 | 0.25 |
| Model 3 | 252.66 ± 37.92 | 254.70 ± 33.66 | 247.31 ± 38.82 | 0.28 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | ||||
| crude | 133.44 ± 20.42 | 135.70 ± 20.98 | 132.10 ± 19.57 | 0.35 |
| Model 1 | 133.49 ± 20.67 | 136.17 ± 20.96 | 131.82 ± 20.54 | 0.24 |
| Model 2 | 134.77 ± 23.75 | 136.08 ± 21.05 | 130.63 ± 24.34 | 0.17 |
| Model 3 | 134.59 ± 23.74 | 136.30 ± 21.07 | 130.58 ± 24.30 | 0.14 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | ||||
| crude | 1.91 ± 0.24 | 2.00 ± 0.23 | 1.97 ± 0.27 | 0.01 |
| Model 1 | 1.91 ± 0.25 | 2.00 ± 0.25 | 1.97 ± 0.24 | 0.01 |
| Model 2 | 1.92 ± 0.28 | 2.00 ± 0.25 | 1.97 ± 0.29 | 0.06 |
| Model 3 | 1.92 ± 0.29 | 2.00 ± 0.25 | 1.97 ± 0.29 | 0.07 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | ||||
| crude | 19.22 ± 2.49 | 19.61 ± 2.63 | 19.28 ± 2.68 | 0.41 |
| Model 1 | 19.16 ± 2.60 | 19.60 ± 2.63 | 19.32 ± 2.58 | 0.39 |
| Model 2 | 19.34 ± 2.98 | 19.63 ± 2.63 | 19.10 ± 3.04 | 0.32 |
| Model 3 | 19.34 ± 2.99 | 19.63 ± 2.64 | 19.10 ± 3.05 | 0.32 |
| hs_CRP (mg/L) | ||||
| crude | 1.59 ± 0.33 | 1.55 ± 0.28 | 1.61 ± 0.32 | 0.25 |
| Model 1 | 1.59 ± 0.31 | 1.54 ± 0.31 | 1.62 ± 0.31 | 0.08 |
| Model 2 | 1.60 ± 0.36 | 1.53 ± 0.29 | 1.62 ± 0.37 | 0.07 |
| Model 3 | 1.60 ± 0.36 | 1.53 ± 0.31 | 1.62 ± 0.37 | 0.08 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | ||||
| crude | 104.53 ± 9.45 | 101.06 ± 12.81 | 107.28 ± 7.72 | < 0.001 |
| Model 1 | 104.69 ± 10.27 | 101.08 ± 10.42 | 107.30 ± 10.20 | < 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 105.10 ± 11.84 | 101.15 ± 10.50 | 106.82 ± 12.14 | < 0.001 |
| Model 3 | 105.04 ± 11.87 | 101.22 ± 10.54 | 106.81 ± 12.15 | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | ||||
| crude | 72.77 ± 8.75 | 71.96 ± 9.11 | 75.68 ± 9.22 | < 0.01 |
| Model 1 | 72.64 ± 8.90 | 72.01 ± 9.03 | 75.97 ± 8.85 | < 0.01 |
| Model 2 | 72.06 ± 10.27 | 71.93 ± 9.09 | 76.64 ± 10.53 | < 0.01 |
| Model 3 | 72.10 ± 10.29 | 71.88 ± 9.13 | 76.65 ± 10.53 | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||
| crude | 69.51 ± 7.23 | 70.93 ± 8.03 | 70.64 ± 9.02 | 0.33 |
| Model 1 | 69.68 ± 8.11 | 70.72 ± 8.24 | 70.53 ± 8.10 | 0.55 |
| Model 2 | 71.20 ± 9.01 | 71.00 ± 7.98 | 68.71 ± 9.24 | 0.08 |
| Model 3 | 71.31 ± 8.95 | 70.87 ± 7.95 | 68.74 ± 9.17 | 0.08 |
BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; DN, diabetic neuropathy; Hb, hemoglobin; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
* * P values were calculated by ANOVA in all unadjusted models and generalized linear model analysis of covariance in adjusted models,. Sex, age, energy intake, and physical activity were adjusted in model 1. Medications, phosphor, protein, fat, sodium, cholesterol, and potassium were additionally adjusted in model 2. All mentioned variables in model 2 besides BMI were adjusted in model 3.