Table 1.
Correlated Random Effects and Random-Effects Linear Models of Moral Relativism and Higher Education
| Moral Progressivism: “World is always changing . . . adjust our views of what is morally right and wrong” |
Moral Relativism: “Morals are relative . . . no definite rights and wrongs for everybody” |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. CRE | 2. RE | 3. CRE | 4. RE | |||||
| Variables | Coef. | SE | Coef. | SE | Coef. | SE | Coef. | SE |
| Highest Level of Education | ||||||||
| Some College | .051 | (.057) | .026 | (.031) | −.022 | (.063) | −.014 | (.030) |
| Bachelor’s Degree | .072 | (.079) | .034 | (.056) | −.093 | (.084) | −.079 | (.055) |
| Graduate Studies | .205* | (.090) | .137* | (.070) | −.162 | (.096) | −.124 | (.070) |
| Major Field of Study | ||||||||
| HASS | .238** | (.088) | .096* | (.039) | −.212* | (.088) | −.112** | (.036) |
| STEM | .035 | (.091) | −.035 | (.043) | .063 | (.096) | −.118** | (.040) |
| Business/Agriculture | −.003 | (.098) | .050 | (.045) | .005 | (.097) | −.057 | (.040) |
| Education | .238 | (.157) | .023 | (.095) | −.064 | (.214) | −.098 | (.084) |
| Cross-Wave Effects | ||||||||
| Highest Level of Education | ||||||||
| Some College | −.056 | (.067) | −.009 | (.071) | ||||
| Bachelor’s Degree | −.131 | (.126) | −.001 | (.127) | ||||
| Graduate Studies | −.217 | (.145) | .054 | (.146) | ||||
| Major Field of Study | ||||||||
| HASS | −.125 | (.097) | .120 | (.095) | ||||
| STEM | −.006 | (.104) | −.161 | (.104) | ||||
| Business/Agriculture | .093 | (.108) | −.062 | (.108) | ||||
| Education | −.204 | (.188) | −.039 | (.227) | ||||
| Controls | ||||||||
| Wave | −.001 | (.033) | .024 | (.030) | −.081* | (.033) | −.076* | (.031) |
| Acceptable to Break Moral Rules | .175*** | (.016) | .176*** | (.016) | .173*** | (.015) | .173*** | (.014) |
| Age | −.022** | (.008) | −.025** | (.008) | .006 | (.008) | .004 | (.007) |
| Religiosity | −.132* | (.060) | −.133* | (.060) | −.107* | (.046) | −.110* | (.046) |
| Moral Relativism | .321*** | (.021) | .320*** | (.021) | ||||
| Moral Progressivism | .322*** | (.020) | .321*** | (.020) | ||||
| Constant | .130* | (.060) | .060 | (.048) | .240*** | (.061) | .231*** | (.049) |
Note: N = 3,231; Obsv. = 9,693.
*
p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001 (two-tailed tests).