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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Lett. 2021 Apr 7;509:39–52. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.031

Figure 1. Pathway of Organoid Generation for Scientific or Preclinical Studies.

Figure 1.

Organoids can be generated from patient biopsies or animal models of esophageal diseases, including normal or treated esophagus, primary esophageal cancer tissue, or metastases to lung or other organs. Esophageal epithelium or tumor tissues are dissociated into single cells and seeded in Matrigel. Organoids can be cultured in the presence of specific chemical treatments or subject to genetic manipulation in vitro, followed by cell-based analyses and in vitro or in vivo modeling of disease through culture-based or xenograft models.