Fig. 3.

Quantitative PCR estimates of Deformed wing virus (d-CT) for the R_control, R_mite, S_control, and S_mite samples, showing mite-infested Susceptible honey bees with elevated DWV titers compared to Susceptible bees that were mite-free. Susceptible bees (two sources) had markedly higher levels of DWV than the Resistant bees, regardless of Varroa parasitism status; moreover, DWV loads of Resistant bees were not higher when mites were present. Diamond plots show means as the center line and a midline for one standard deviation, while the points reflect 95% confidence intervals for the mean for each target. Confidence circles to right show pairwise t-test differencs at p < 0.05. Orange samples reflect resistant bees, purple samples reflect susceptible bees