Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics of Main Variables by Types of Health Insurance Schemes
| Variable | Non-IMISs | IMISs | NCMSs | URBMIs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Std. Dev. | Mean | Std. Dev. | Mean | Std. Dev. | Mean | Std. Dev. | |
| hospitalized in the past year (inpa) | 0.080 | 0.272 | 0.096 | 0.295 | 0.082 | 0.275 | 0.069 | 0.254** |
| hospitalized locally in the past year (local_inpa) | 0.058** | 0.234 | 0.081 | 0.274 | 0.059** | 0.235 | 0.056 | 0.231** |
| see a doctor locally with less serious diseases (less_serious_doctor) | 0.451 | 0.498 | 0.459 | 0.499 | 0.447 | 0.497 | 0.475 | 0.500 |
| the need of hospitalization (need_inpa) | 0.098 | 0.298 | 0.108 | 0.311 | 0.100 | 0.300 | 0.089 | 0.285 |
| self-reported health status | 3.313 | 0.722 | 3.355 | 0.718 | 3.306* | 0.725 | 3.356 | 0.703 |
| hypertension or diabetes (1 = have, 0 = no) | 0.217 | 0.412 | 0.211 | 0.408 | 0.212 | 0.408 | 0.250 | 0.433* |
| age | 66.544 | 6.140 | 66.690 | 6.293 | 66.491 | 6.152 | 66.861 | 6.058 |
| gender (1 = male, 0 = female) | 0.512 | 0.500 | 0.506 | 0.500 | 0.518 | 0.500 | 0.469 | 0.499 |
| marriage (1 = yes, 0 = no) | 0.794** | 0.405 | 0.827 | 0.379 | 0.784** | 0.412 | 0.850 | 0.357 |
| ethnic (1 = han, 0 = minority) | 0.901*** | 0.298 | 0.943 | 0.232 | 0.898*** | 0.302 | 0.918 | 0.274* |
| hukou (1 = rural, 0 = urban) | 0.852*** | 0.355 | 0.569 | 0.496 | 0.951*** | 0.216 | 0.256 | 0.436*** |
| household incomes per capita per month | 1918.866 | 11,869.640 | 2091.701 | 1984.529 | 1865.950 | 12,790.580 | 2238.668 | 1826.181 |
| household expenditure per capita per month | 959.597*** | 714.009 | 1109.474 | 780.363 | 917.887*** | 677.181 | 1211.721 | 863.547** |
| household food expenditure per capita per month | 423.231*** | 281.020 | 496.829 | 342.393 | 404.087*** | 265.220 | 539.101 | 340.100** |
| household house expenditure per capita per month | 179.260*** | 298.014 | 231.996 | 290.534 | 173.898*** | 280.378 | 211.512 | 386.469 |
| Number of friends in residence | 7.486*** | 9.401 | 8.562 | 8.884 | 7.170*** | 8.951 | 9.390 | 11.585 |
| years since migration | 6.674*** | 6.704 | 5.380 | 5.206 | 6.532*** | 6.505 | 7.523 | 7.747*** |
| fitness_time per day (min) | 62.302*** | 45.562 | 73.432 | 48.234 | 60.413*** | 45.259 | 73.694 | 45.732 |
| Health examination in the past one year | 0.315*** | 0.465 | 0.447 | 0.498 | 0.301*** | 0.459 | 0.400 | 0.490* |
| Main source of income | ||||||||
| Self-employment(1 = yes, 0 = no) | 0.279*** | 0.448 | 0.232 | 0.422 | 0.296*** | 0.456 | 0.176 | 0.381*** |
| Pension and Savings(1 = yes, 0 = no) | 0.216*** | 0.412 | 0.387 | 0.487 | 0.158*** | 0.364 | 0.569 | 0.495*** |
| Support from other family numbers(1 = yes, 0 = no) | 0.428*** | 0.495 | 0.312 | 0.464 | 0.466*** | 0.499 | 0.198 | 0.399*** |
| Others(1 = yes, 0 = no) | 0.077 | 0.266 | 0.069 | 0.254 | 0.080 | 0.272 | 0.056 | 0.231 |
| N | 7250 | 664 | 6222 | 1029 | ||||
Note: * p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01, representing statistical significance compared with IMISs. Non-IMISs, IMISs, NCMSs, URBMIs represent Migrants Parents who have not joined IMIS and who joined IMIS, NCMS and URBMI, while Non-IMISs is the combination of NCMSs and URBMIs. Self-reported health status include no self-care ability, poor but with self-care ability, fair and good, ranked from 1 to 4; Education includes no formal education, elementary school, middle school, high school/vocational school, and college and above, ranked from 1 to 5. Self-reported health status is shown as continuous variable in this table. The main results are robust when considering health status as dummy or continuous variable in the following regressions