Table 1.
Baseline socioeconomic and treatment characteristics of TB patients in the ACF and PCF cohorts
| ACF (N = 52) |
PCF (N = 46) |
All (N = 98) |
P-valueg | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socioeconomic characteristics | ||||
| Male, N (%) | 33 (63) | 29 (63) | 62 (63) | 0.966 |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 51.8 (15.7) | 44.8 (17.9) | 48.5 (17.0) | 0.063 |
| Complete secondary school, N (%) | 28 (54) | 36 (78) | 64 (65) | 0.011* |
| Employed before the episode of TB, N (%) | 39 (75) | 33 (72) | 72 (73) | 0.715 |
| Patient income pre-TB, N (%)a | ||||
| Poorest | 22 (43) | 10 (22) | 32 (33) | 0.003* |
| Moderate | 18 (35) | 14 (31) | 32 (33) | 0.714 |
| Wealthiest | 13 (25) | 19 (42) | 32 (33) | 0.072 |
| Household income pre-TB, N (%)a | ||||
| Poorest | 21 (40) | 12 (27) | 33 (34) | 0.155 |
| Moderate | 18 (35) | 14 (31) | 32 (33) | 0.714 |
| Wealthiest | 13 (25) | 19 (42) | 32 (33) | 0.072 |
| Social Health Insurance, N (%) | 36 (69) | 42 (91) | 78 (80) | 0.007* |
| Adjusted MPI-TB headcount ratio, mean (SD)b | 15.5 (21.8) | 7.1 (15.9) | 11.6 (19.6) | 0.033* |
| TB diagnosis and treatment | ||||
| TB/HIV co-infection, N (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (7) | 3 (3) | 0.061 |
| New TB case, N (%) | 35 (67) | 44 (96) | 79 (81) | < 0.001* |
| Bacteriologically confirmed, N (%) | 52 (100) | 43 (93) | 95 (97) | 0.061 |
| Time between onset of TB symptoms and treatment initiationc, mean (SD), weeks | 9.1 (8.9) | 12.7 (18.2) | 11.0 (14.5) | 0.245 |
| Hospitalization pre-treatment, N (%) | 3 (6) | 10 (22) | 13 (13) | 0.020* |
| Hospitalization during treatment, N (%) | 3 (6) | 6 (13) | 9 (9) | 0.213 |
| Number of follow-up visits during treatment, mean (SD) | 3.3 (1.0) | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.4 (1.0) | 0.402 |
| Type of service visited, pre-treatment, N (%)d | ||||
| Private sector | 31/262 (12) | 79/366 (22) | 110/628 (18) | 0.002* |
| Non-NTP public sector | 34/262 (13) | 140/366 (38) | 174/628 (28) | < 0.001* |
| NTPe | 110/262 (42) | 63/366 (17) | 173/628 (28) | < 0.001* |
| Othersf | 87/262 (33) | 84/366 (23) | 171/628 (27) | < 0.004* |
| Type of service visited, treatment, N (%)d | ||||
| Private sector | 8/234 (3) | 25/273 (9) | 33/507 (7) | 0.009* |
| Non-NTP public sector | 75/234 (32) | 57/273 (21) | 132/507 (26) | 0.004* |
| NTPe | 2/234 (1) | 40/273 (15) | 42/507 (8) | < 0.001* |
| Othersf | 149/234 (64) | 151/273 (55) | 300/507 (59) | 0.056 |
aBased on within-sample tertiles of self-reported incomes;
bHeadcount ratio calculated based on a deprivation threshold of 33 % (> 5 deprivations) as adapted from official guidelines on multi-dimensional poverty defined by the Government of Viet Nam with further detail provided in the supplementary material;
cContains nine missing values in the ACF cohort with N = 43;
dTotal number of visits during the pre-treatment (ACF = 262, PCF = 366, Total = 628) and treatment periods (ACF = 234, PCF = 273, Total = 507);
eNTP National TB Control program;
fTraditional healers, herbalists, pharmacists and mobile X-ray events (pre-treatment, only);
gChi-square, Fischer Exact (any cell with n < 5 in the contingency table) for proportions, Wilcoxon Rank Sum for medians, t-test for means
* Statistically significant difference at 95 % confidence level