Fig. (1).

flowchart for ischemic stroke patients with and without stoke history. A total of 22,216 patients were enrolled in CNSR. First, 3636 patients were excluded due to transfers from other hospitals, no consent for follow up, incomplete demographic baseline information, and diagnosis as undetermined. Second, 5234 patients were excluded because of the diagnosis of haemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, 1201 patients were excluded because of the diagnosis of TIA. Finally, 12,415 patients with ischemic stroke, including 8181 without stroke history and 4234 with, were included in this study for analysis. Abbreviations: CNSR, China National Stroke Registry; TIA, Transient Ischemic Attack.