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. 2021 Sep 17;12:680544. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.680544

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Lipoic acid supplementation decreases oxidative stress caused by FA injection. Mice are treated as described in Figure 1. (A) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the kidney. (B) Representative images of IHC staining for 4-HNE (brown). Bar=50μm. (C) The expression of lipid peroxidation marker 4-HNE, as determined by western blotting. (D) Semi-quantitative assessments of 4-HNE. For the FA group vs. the control group, *indicates p<0.05, and **indicates p<0.01. For the LA-treated groups vs. the FA group, #indicates p<0.05, and ##indicates p<0.01.