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. 2021 Sep 17;12:680544. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.680544

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Copyright © 2021 Li, Zou, Fu, Xing, Wang, Wan and Zhai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Lipoic acid supplementation inhibits the activation of p53 caused by FA injection. Mice are treated as described in Figure 1. (A) The expression for p53, as determined by western blotting. (B) Semi-quantitative assessments of p53. (C) The expression of p53 gene, as determined by relative mRNA expression. (D) Representative images of IHC staining for p53 activation. Bar=50μm. Black arrow heads for p53 nuclear staining; black arrows for folic acid crystals in tubular lumen. For the FA group vs. the control group, ^*indicates p<0.05, and **indicates p<0.01. For the LA-treated groups vs. the FA group, ^#indicates p<0.05, ^##indicates p<0.01.