Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics After Matching
| In-Person Visits (n = 4,541) | Telehealth Visits (n = 4,541) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Year of visit | <0.001 | ||
| 2018 | 2,325 (51.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 2019 | 2,216 (48.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 2020 | 0 (0.0) | 4,541 (100.0) | |
| Provider type | 0.316 | ||
| Physician | 2,891 (63.7) | 2,845 (62.7) | |
| Advanced practice provider | 1,650 (36.3) | 1,696 (37.3) | |
| Heart failure provider | 1,287 (28.3) | 1,365 (30.1) | 0.071 |
| Scheduled within 48 h of visit date | 667 (14.7) | 651 (14.3) | 0.633 |
| Age, y | 71.1 ± 13.8 | 70.8 ± 14.0 | 0.311 |
| Male | 2,495 (54.9) | 2,474 (54.5) | 0.657 |
| Race | 0.807 | ||
| White | 3,742 (82.4) | 3,712 (81.7) | |
| Black | 682 (15.0) | 700 (15.4) | |
| Asian | 21 (0.5) | 22 (0.5) | |
| Other | 96 (2.1) | 107 (2.4) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 94 (2.1) | 102 (2.3) | 0.549 |
| Payer source | 0.039 | ||
| Medicare | 2,195 (48.6) | 2,113 (46.9) | |
| Commercial | 2,049 (45.4) | 2,048 (45.5) | |
| Medicaid | 194 (4.3) | 251 (5.6) | |
| Other government | 24 (0.5) | 31 (0.7) | |
| Self-pay | 54 (1.2) | 60 (1.3) | |
| Acute heart failure | 262 (5.8) | 269 (5.9) | 0.754 |
| Systolic heart failure | 1,982 (43.6) | 2,032 (44.7) | 0.290 |
| Hypertension | 3,821 (84.1) | 3,836 (84.5) | 0.665 |
| Diabetes | 2,039 (44.9) | 2,089 (46.0) | 0.292 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 3,005 (66.2) | 2,973 (65.5) | 0.478 |
| Chronic kidney disease stage ≥3 | 1,459 (32.1) | 1,511 (33.3) | 0.244 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2,437 (53.7) | 2,367 (52.1) | 0.141 |
| Prior MI, PCI, or CABG | 1,652 (36.4) | 1,643 (36.2) | 0.844 |
| Prior stroke | 456 (10.0) | 468 (10.3) | 0.677 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2,036 (44.8) | 2,019 (44.5) | 0.719 |
| Prior ventricular tachycardia | 897 (19.8) | 891 (19.6) | 0.874 |
| Implantable cardioverter defibrillator | 1,079 (23.8) | 1,043 (23.0) | 0.372 |
Values are n (%) or mean ± SD.
CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; MI = myocardial infarction, PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention.