Table 1.
Participant demographics (n = 2,724).
| Demographics | Mean ± SD (Range) or n (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Post-Pandemic Insomnia (n = 1,007) | Pre-existing Insomnia (n = 804) | No Insomnia Symptoms (n = 913) | |
| Age (n = 2,415), y | 43.5 ± 12.9 (18–77) | 44.5 ± 14.8 (18–87) | 46.9 ± 13.6 (18–81) |
| Sex: female (n = 2,693) | 761 (76.6) | 559 (70.4) | 674 (74.4) |
| Marital status (n = 2,465) | |||
| Married | 419 (48.4) | 316 (45.8) | 488 (53.7) |
| Single | 280 (32.3) | 211 (30.6) | 217 (23.9) |
| Other | 167 (19.3) | 163 (23.6) | 204 (22.4) |
| Country of residence (n = 2,724) | |||
| United Kingdom | 209 (20.8) | 202 (25.1) | 544 (59.6) |
| South Africa | 214 (21.3) | 152 (18.9) | 46 (14.2) |
| Australia | 143 (14.2) | 164 (20.4) | 58 (6.4) |
| India | 106 (10.5) | 73 (9.1) | 130 (14.2) |
| Ireland | 61 (6.1) | 51 (6.3) | 29 (3.2) |
| Other | 274 (27.2) | 162 (20.1) | 106 (11.6) |
| Currently in lockdown (n = 2,544) | |||
| Yes | 952 (94.5) | 743 (92.4) | 849 (93.0) |
| OxCGRT scores | 81.8 ± 8.4 (57-100) | 80.3 ± 8.8 (40-100) | 77.9 ± 6.9 (50-100) |
| Currently employed (n = 2,702) | 764 (76.6) | 548 (68.9) | 690 (75.8) |
| College educated (n = 2,300) | 670 (79.6) | 496 (73.8) | 651 (82.8) |
| Employment impacted during COVID-19 (n = 2,101) | 383 (29.0) | 270 (33.6) | 242 (26.5) |
| Finances impacted during COVID-19 (n = 2,701) | 601 (59.7) | 474 (59.0) | 407 (38.0) |
| Shift worker (n = 1,986) | |||
| Yes | 64 (8.4) | 65 (11.9) | 44 (6.5) |
| Currently working overnight shifts | 16 (1.6) | 13 (1.6) | 14 (1.5) |
| Caring for someone (n = 2,281) | |||
| Yes | 187 (18.6) | 126 (15.7) | 138 (15.1) |
| Elderly parent | 97 (9.6) | 70 (8.7) | 71 (7.8) |
| Partner | 16 (1.6) | 11 (1.4) | 17 (1.9) |
| Diagnosed with a physical health condition (n = 2,386) | 113 (11.2) | 103 (12.8) | 82 (9.0) |
| Diagnosed with mental health condition (n = 2,311) | 236 (28.0) | 230 (34.0) | 53 (19.3) |
| Depression | 151 (15) | 150 (18.7) | 97 (10.6) |
| Anxiety | 94 (9.3) | 112 (13.9) | 61 (6.7) |
| PTSD | 24 (2.4) | 25 (3.1) | 9 (1.0) |
| Bipolar disorder | 18 (1.8) | 11 (1.4) | 2 (0.2) |
| Other | 42 (4.2) | 31 (3.9) | 24 (2.6) |
| Psychological support for mental health (n = 2,015) | 70 (7.0) | 71 (8.8) | 22 (2.4) |
| Currently taking sleep medications (n = 2,724) | 109 (10.8) | 128 (15.9) | 19 (2.1) |
COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, OxCGRT = Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder, SD = standard deviation.