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. 2021 Oct 1;17(10):1981–1986. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.9392

Table 2.

Incremental direct health care utilization associated with sleep disorders in the United States in 2018.

Expenditure or Utilization Measure Without SD With SD Difference P Value
Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE
Number of office visits 8.7 0.3 16.3 0.8 7.6 0.8 < .001
Number of emergency facility visits 0.37 0.02 0.52 0.03 0.16 0.03 < .001
Number of prescription fills 21.9 0.4 39.7 1.2 17.8 1.1 < .001

SD = sleep disorder, SE = standard error of the national estimate.