Fig 4. Normalized vessel radius changed from the neurovascular unit models during neuronal stimulation (30 to 70 sec) shown by the shaded region.

Three relevant physiological models’ simulation: Model (a) Kenny et al., 2018, Model (b) Mathias et al., 2018, and Model (c) Witthoft and Karniadakis, 2012. The period from 0 to 30 sec shows numerical transients where the model (c) settles to a non-zero vessel radius from zero initial condition. Model (c) also captured the after-effect of the neuronal stimulation on the normalized vessel radius.