Table 1. Characteristics of participants.
N (%) or median (IQR) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Child | Female (%) | 417 (51%) | |
Age (months) at Year 1 | 14.3 (12.6, 15.6) | ||
Age (months) at Year 2 | 28.2 (26.9, 29.6) | ||
Months between telomere length measurements at Year 1 and Year 2 | 13.9 (13.5, 14.7) | ||
Telomere length at Year 1 | T/S ratio* | 1.42 (1.28, 1.56) | |
Telomere length at Year 2 | T/S ratio* | 1.43 (1.29, 1.58) | |
Change in telomere length between Year 1 and Year 2 | T/S ratio* | 0.04 (-0.22, 0.25) | |
Anthropometry (age 3 months, Month 3) | Length-for-age Z score | –1.28 (–1.99, –0.53) | |
Weight-for-age Z score | –1.18 (–1.84, –0.50) | ||
Weight-for-length Z score | –0.26 (–1.11, 0.44) | ||
Head circumference-for-age Z score | –1.73 (–2.39, –1.01) | ||
Anthropometry (age 14 months, Year 1) | Length-for-age Z score | –1.41 (–2.08, –0.77) | |
Weight-for-age Z score | –1.30 (–1.98, –0.68) | ||
Weight-for-length Z score | –0.89 (–1.60, –0.25) | ||
Head circumference-for-age Z score | –1.81 (–2.40, –1.19) | ||
Anthropometry (age 28 months, Year 2) | Length-for-age Z score | –1.54 (–2.25, –0.94) | |
Weight-for-age Z score | –1.55 (–2.09, –0.90) | ||
Weight-for-length Z score | –1.00 (–1.59,–0.37) | ||
Head circumference-for-age Z score | –1.78 (–2.37, –1.22) | ||
Diarrhoea (age 14 months, Year 1) | Caregiver-reported 7 day recall (%) | 104 (14%) | |
Diarrhoea (age 28 months, Year 2) | Caregiver-reported 7 day recall (%) | 56 (8%) | |
Mother | Age (years) | 23 (20, 27) | |
Anthropometry at enrolment | Height (cm) | 150.5 (147.1, 153.9) | |
Education | Schooling completed (years) | 7 (4, 9) | |
Depression at Year 1 | CESD-R score** | 10 (6, 16) | |
Depression at Year 2 | CESD-R score** | 10 (5, 17) | |
Perceived stress at Year 2 | Perceived Stress Scale score | 14 (10, 18) | |
Physical, sexual, or emotional intimate partner violence | Any lifetime exposure: number of women (%) | 398 (56%) |
*The unit for relative telomere length is the T/S ratio. Telomere length was measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR), a method that determines relative telomere length by measuring the factor by which each DNA sample differs from a reference DNA sample in its ratio of telomere repeat copy number (T) to single-copy gene copy number (S).
**CESD-R = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised.