Table 2.

Associations Between Physical Activity Through the Follow-Up Period and Onset of Hypertension in the CARDIA Study

Variables	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Model 1 (adjusted for age)
Expected total physical activity score at age 18 yearsa	1.03 (1.01, 1.05)	0.007
Expected annual reduction in total physical activity scoreb	1.05 (1.04, 1.06)	<0.001
Model 2 (fully adjusted)c
Expected total physical activity score at age 18 yearsa	1.03 (1.01, 1.06)	0.005
Expected annual reduction in total physical activity scoreb	1.01 (1.00, 1.02)	0.017
Model 3 (fully adjusted with diabetes and cholesterol)d
Expected total physical activity score at age 18 yearsa	1.04 (1.01, 1.07)	0.002
Expected annual reduction in total physical activity scoreb	1.02 (1.01, 1.03)	0.001
Physical activity guideline threshold models, fully adjusted with diabetes and cholesterol
Meeting physical activity guideline (>300 EUs) at age 18 yearsd	1.08 (0.98, 1.19)	0.14
Meeting physical activity guideline (>300 EUs) through follow-upd	1.02 (0.92, 1.12)	0.66
Meeting twice physical activity guideline (>600 EUs) at age 18 yearsd	0.82 (0.71, 0.93)	0.002
Meeting twice physical activity guideline (>600 EUs) through follow-upd	0.78 (0.66, 0.91)	0.002

Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).

A total physical activity score of 300 EUs approximates the HHS recommendations of approximately 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week.

^aIn 100s of EUs from high to low.

^bIn EUs.

^cCovariates: age, race, sex, education, family history of hypertension, family history of cardiovascular disease, smoking status, alcohol use, and BMI.

^dCovariates: age, race, sex, education, family history of hypertension, family history of cardiovascular disease, smoking status, alcohol use, BMI, diabetes, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides.

CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study; EU, exercise unit; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.