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. 2021 Oct 6;81(10):1145–1153. doi: 10.1055/a-1545-4279

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The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License, which permits unrestricted reproduction and distribution, for non-commercial purposes only; and use and reproduction, but not distribution, of adapted material for non-commercial purposes only, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 2 — Precancerous lesions (VIN) and vulvar carcinoma. a HPV-associated VIN (usual VIN; u-VIN), b and c non-keratinizing, HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva with a plump pattern of invasion and p16 positivity (so-called block staining; see text), d HPV-independent VIN (d-VIN), e and f keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva with a netlike pattern of invasion and aberrant p53 expression (see text).