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. 2021 Oct 6;598(7879):188–194. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03993-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 1 — a, General topography of the 3 classic corticostriatal pathways: motor, limbic, and associative. b, Map of the multi-scale subdivisions (level>community>domain) of the caudoputamen at rostral (CPr), intermediate (CPi), and caudal (CPc) levels. c, Dendrogram of the multi-scale, hierarchical structure of the CP, depicting how each level is composed of smaller communities and even smaller domains, each with a unique set of cortical inputs. The precise topography of the striatal output pathway is unknown. The CP caudal extreme and nucleus accumbens domains are not depicted here but were analyzed. The data production workflow starts with d, discrete injection of anterograde tracer into one of the striatal domains. Tissue sections are e, imaged and imported into f, Connection Lens where fiducial points in the Nissl channel are matched to the atlas template. g, Images are deformably warped and the tracer channel is segmented into a binary threshold image. h, The software subdivides all brain regions into a square grid space and quantifies the pixels of axon labeling in each grid box. i, The quantified axonal terminals from all injections to all grid boxes at each nucleus-level is visually summarized in a matrix (darker shading indicates denser termination; colors correspond to particular SNr domains). Statistical analysis reveals the subnetworks, groups of striatal domains that project to a common set of grid boxes. Those grid boxes in the SNr maps are then j, colored to visualize the new input-defined pallidal or nigral domain. k, Composite projection maps of the colored axonal terminals illustrate the striatofugal terminal pattern, with axonal color matching the source domain from the striatal domain map.