Fig. 1. Molecular taxonomy of cell types in the primary motor cortex (M1) of humans, marmosets and mice.

a–c, Dendrograms showing cell-type clusters defined by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq; using Cv3) for humans (a), marmosets (b) and mice (c), annotated with the cluster proportions of total neuronal or non-neuronal cells and (for humans) with dissected layers (L1–L6). RNA-seq clusters mapped to clusters of accessible chromatin (AC) and DNAm. d, Relative proportions of some neuronal cell types were significantly different between species, based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s HSD two-sided tests (degrees of freedom = 13; *P < 0.05 (Bonferonni-corrected)). Data in d are means ± s.d., and points represent individual donor specimens for humans (n = 2), marmosets (n = 2), and mice (n = 12). Marmoset silhouettes are from www.phylopic.org (public domain).