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. 2021 Oct 6;11:19851. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98706-1

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© The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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VLPs prepared in NaNO3-Tris buffer can efficiently enter the cells. Neuro2A cells were treated with VLPs prepared in NaNO3-Tris Buffer (0.05 µg/ml). (a) Cells were visualized using fluorescent microscopy (Nikon, Japan) in four groups: 1 h and 4 h after VLP treatment, sham (without VLP), and blank negative control (with VLP treatment and without primary antibody) at 100× magnification. Immunocytochemistry images and flow cytometry demonstrated that VLPs (stained with anti MS2 coat protein and secondary-cy3 conjugated antibodies) were internalized by Neuro2A cells effectively. (b) i) Intensity plot of cy3 labeled Neuro2A cells in four groups 1 h and 4 h after VLP treatment, sham (without VLP), and blank negative control (with VLP treatment and without primary antibody). ii) diagram representing the average of triplicate results (percentage of the cells with VLP). Data were shown as median with range.