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. 2021 Sep 23;8:734838. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.734838

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Copyright © 2021 Hashimoto, Yoshizaki, Uno, Kitajima, Arai, Tamura, Morishita, Matsuoka, Han, Minamoto, Hirashima, Yamada, Kashiwa, Kameda, Yamaguchi, Tsuchihashi, Iwahashi, Nakayama, Shioda, Nagai and Tanaka.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Widespread increase in biomediator levels in severely to critically ill patients with COVID-19. Expression of 80 biomediators in the sera of 12 patients with severely to critically ill patients with COVID-19 (COV-19) and 38 healthy controls (HC) was measured using a multiplex cytokine array system. The boxplots show medians (middle line) with first and third quartiles (boxes), while the whiskers show 1.5x the interquartile range (IQR) above and below the box. (A) Increased biomediators in COVID-19, (B) decreased biomediators in COVID-19, (C) no difference in serum levels of biomediators between COVID-19 and healthy controls.