Table 1.
Characteristics and clinical course of patients with COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab, dexamethasone or dexamethasone followed by tocilizumab.
| Case |
Age (years) /Sex |
Co-morbidities | Antiviral drugs | Required O2 concentration and laboratory findings before TCZ injection | Clinical course after TCZ injection |
Outcome at 1 month |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) TCZ monotherapy group | ||||||
| 1 | 72/M | NTM, COPD, lower pharyngeal cancer | F+C | O2 3–6 L/min CRP 8.62, Lym 175, Ferritin 153.1 |
Day 29: Discharge with HOT | Cure |
| 2 | 41/M | F+C | O2 3–5 L/min CRP 13.51, Lym 530, Ferritin 1522.6 |
Day 5: O2-free Day 13: Discharge |
Cure | |
| 3 | 63/M | HT | F+C | O2 3–5 L/min CRP 11.53, Lym 1280, Ferritin 1531.8 |
Day 7: O2-free Day 15: Discharge |
Cure |
| 4 | 68/M | DM | F+C | O2 2–6 L/min CRP 3.93, Lym 999, Ferritin 681.1 |
Day 6: O2-free Day 19: Discharge |
Cure |
| 5 | 63/F | DM | F+C | O2 3–6 L/min CRP 7.01, Lym 1130, Ferritin 334.3 |
Day 8: O2-free Day 18: Discharge |
Cure |
| 6 | 79/M | DM, HT, COPD | L/R+C | Under artificial ventilation (FiO2 0.25–0.45) CRP 8.92, Lym 640, Ferritin 1238.9 |
Day 11: Extubation Day 14: Re-intubation Day 20: Tracheostomy O2 2–3 L/min |
Improvement |
| 7 | 71/M | DM | L/R+C | Under artificial ventilation (FiO2 0.35–0.8) CRP 7.47, Lym 2130, Ferritin 4383.4 |
Day 30: under artificial ventilation (FiO2 0.3) | Improvement |
| 8 | 79/M | F+C | O2 2–5 L/min CRP 8.57, Lym 860, Ferritin 1110.7 |
Day 3: Intubation and transfer to other hospital, followed by mPSL pulse Day 13: Extubation and transfer to our hospital Day 15: O2-free Day 33: Discharge |
Cure | |
| 9 | 48/M | DM, HT, obesity, SAS | F+C | O2 5 L/min CRP 3.78, Lym 820, Ferritin 3355.4 |
Day 1: Intubation and transfer to other hospital, followed by mPSL administration Day 9: Extubation and transfer to our hospital Day 24: Death |
Death due to sudden laryngeal stenosis |
| 10 | 62/F | RA, HT, dyslipidemia | F+C | 02 3–5 L/min CRP 5.06, Lym 438, Ferritin 1208.9 |
Day 1: Intubation and transfer to other hospital, followed by mPSL pulse Day 10: Extubation, O2 5L/min Day 12: O2-free Day 13: Transfer to our hospital Day 25: Discharge |
Cure |
| 11 | 43/M | HT | F+C | O2 2 L/min CRP 9.28, Lym 1129, Ferritin 552.2 |
Day 8: O2-free Day 13: Discharge |
Cure |
| 12 | 81/M | DM | F with mPSL | O2 10–15 L/min CRP 15.26, Lym 600, Ferritin 638.6 |
Day 9: O2-free Day 22: Discharge |
Cure |
| 13 | 55/M | F+C | O2 2–3 L/min CRP 6.77, Lym 665, Ferritin 1599.6 |
Day 2: Intubation Day 7: Transfer to other hospital, followed by mPSL administration Day 27: O2-free Day 35: Discharge |
Cure | |
| Case |
Age (years) /Sex |
Co-morbidities | Antiviral drugs | Required O2 concentration and laboratory findings before DEX administration | Clinical course after DEX administration |
Outcome at 1 month |
| (B) DEX monotherapy group | ||||||
| 1 | 76/M | HT | F+C | O2 1 L/min CRP 13.20, Lym 962, Ferritin 558.2 |
Day 3: O2-free Day 10: Discharge |
Cure |
| 2 | 75/F | DM, HT | F+C | O2 2 L/min CRP 7.68, Lym 964, Ferritin 274.6 |
Day 5: O2-free Day 12: Discharge |
Cure |
| 3 | 57/M | HIV infection | F+C | O2 1 L/min CRP 8.62, Lym 1810, Ferritin 327.6 |
Day 7: O2-free Day 10: Discharge |
Cure |
| 4 | 67/M | COPD, HT, old cerebral infarction | F+C | O2 4 L/min CRP 10.62, Lym 1110, Ferritin 1235.1 |
Day 12: O2-free Day 16: Discharge |
Cure |
| 5 | 42/M | Nephrotic syndrome | I+C | O2 1 L/min CRP 6.84, Lym 1370, Ferritin 520.7 |
Day 4: O2-free Day 10: Discharge |
Cure |
| 6 | 89/F | Dysphagia | F+C | O2 1 L/min CRP 4.17, Lym 930, Ferritin 106.9 |
Day 10: O2-free Day 14: Discharge |
Cure |
| 7 | 45/F | None | F+C | O2 1 L/min CRP 6.45, Lym 600, Ferritin 134.0 |
Day 6: O2-free Day 10: Discharge |
Cure |
| 8 | 83/M | None | None | O2 1 L/min CRP 4.43, Lym 700, Ferritin 206.5 |
Day 4: O2-free Day 10: Discharge |
Cure |
| 9 | 78/M | COPD (HOT 1 L/min), Dysphagia | F | O2 2 L/min CRP 6.53, Lym 700, Ferritin 67.5 |
Day 13: Discharge | Cure |
| 10 | 76/M | None | F+C | 02 2 L/min CRP 5.22, Lym 620, Ferritin 228.9 |
Day 11: O2-free Day 20: Discharge |
Cure |
| 11 | 66/M | DM COPD |
F+C | O2 1 L/min CRP 4.08, Lym 840, Ferritin 500.9 |
Day 2: O2 4 L/min, followed by mPSL administration Day 15: O2-free Day 18: Discharge |
Cure |
| 12 | 80/M | Colon cancer | F+C | O2 1 L/min CRP 3.75, Lym 682, Ferritin 1062.0 |
Day 6: O2-free Day 14: Complication of aspiration pneumonia Day 28: Discharge |
Cure |
| 13 | 66/M | DM Obesity |
F+C | O2 2 L/min CRP10.94, Lym 925, Ferritin 1046.2 |
Day 8: O2-free Day 14: Discharge |
Cure |
| 14 | 57/F | None | F+C | SpO2: 94% (room air) CRP 3.71, Lym 480, Ferritin 220.4 |
Day 11: Discharge | Cure |
| 15 | 61/M | DM IHD |
F+C | O2 3 L/min CRP 15.47, Lym 1110, Ferritin 1197.0 |
Day 2: O2 4 L/min, followed by mPSL administration Day 9: O2-free Day 16: Discharge |
Cure |
| Case |
Age (years) /Sex |
Co-morbidities | Antiviral drugs | Required O2 concentration and laboratory findings before TCZ injection (Day 1) | Clinical course after TCZ injection |
Outcome at 1 month |
| (C) Combination therapy group of DEX and TCZ | ||||||
| 1 | 74/F | Chronic bronchitis | F+C | Day 1: DEX and TCZ on the same day, O2 3 L/min, CRP 17.78, Lym 720, Ferritin 337.3 | Day 9: O2-free Day 18: Discharge |
Cure |
| 2 | 54/M | DM, HT. Obesity | F+C | Day 1: DEX and TCZ on the same day, O2 3 L/min, CRP 15.50, Lym 1460, Ferritin 638.0 | Day 7: O2-free Day 12: Discharge |
Cure |
| 3 | 54/M | Obesity | F+C | Day −4: DEX, O2 1 L/min, CRP 2.05, Lym 890 Day 1: O2 6 L/min, CRP 6.07, Lym 720, Ferritin 835.2 |
Day 1: Intubation and transfer to other hospital followed by mPSL administration Day 5: Extubation and transfer to our hospital, O2 1 L/min Day 7: O2-free Day 10: Discharge |
Cure |
| 4 | 78/M | Chronic renal failure | F+C | Day 1: DEX and TCZ on the same day, O2 3 L/min, CRP 19.33, Lym 310, Ferritin 845.3 | Day 6: O2-free Day 11: Discharge |
Cure |
| 5 | 62/M | DM, Obesity | F+C | Day −1: DEX, O2 1 L/min, CRP 9.11, Lym 1350, Ferritin 702.0 Day 1: O2 3 L/min |
Day 5: O2-free Day 8: Discharge |
Cure |
| 6 | 34/M | Obesity | F+C | Day −5: DEX, O2 2 L/min, CRP 1.86, Lym 1180, Ferritin 218.2 Day 1: O2 5 L/min CRP 10.88, Lym 950, Ferritin 771.8 |
Day 5: O2-free Day 8: Discharge |
Cure |
| 7 | 57/M | Obesity | F+C | Day −1: DEX, O2 1 L/min, CRP 4.41, Lym 1090, Ferritin 268.4 Day 1: O2 3 L/min, CRP 7.41, Lym 600 |
Day 8: O2-free Day 10: Discharge |
Cure |
| 8 | 73/M | DM, IHD | I+C | Day −6: DEX, O2 2 L/min, CRP 0.94, Lym 510, Ferritin 18.3 Day 1: O2 4 L/min, CRP 3.72, Lym 370 |
Day 9: O2-free Day 12: Discharge |
Cure |
| 9 | 79/F | DM | I+C | Day −3: DEX, O2 2 L/min, CRP 1.76, Lym 560, Ferritin 382.3 Day 1: O2 5 L/min |
Day 5: O2-free Day 13: Discharge |
Cure |
| 10 | 59/M | DM, Obesity | F+C | Day −1: DEX, O2 6 L/min, CRP 15.35, Lym 740, Ferritin 189.6 Day 1: O2 10 L/min |
Day 12: O2-free Day 17: Discharge |
Cure |
| 11 | 53/M | DM, Obesity, HL | F+C | Day −2: DEX, O2 4 L/min, CRP 8.34, Lym 840, Ferritin 497.9 Day 1: O2 5 L/min |
Day 4: O2-free Day 16: Discharge |
Cure |
| 12 | 44/M | DM, Obesity | F+C | Day −2: DEX, O2 3 L/min, CRP 3.17, Lym 820, Ferritin 1016.1 Day 1: O2 5 L/min |
Day 1: Intubation and transfer to other hospital, followed by mPSL administration Day 13: Extubation and transfer to our hospital Day 27: O2-free Day 29: Discharge |
Cure |
TCZ, tocilizumab; NTM, non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; DM, diabetes mellitus; HT, hypertension; IHD, ischemic heart disease; HL, hyperlipidemia; F, favipiravir; C, ciclesonide; I, ivermectin, L/R, lopinavir/ritonavir; mPSL, methylprednisolone; CRP, C-reactive protein; Lym, number of peripheral blood lymphocytes; DEX, dexamethasone.