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. 2021 Sep 23;8:746298. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.746298

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Copyright © 2021 Lo Nigro, Gallo, Bulati, Vitale, Paini, Pampalone, Galvagno, Conaldi and Miceli.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Differentiation of organoids. (A) Experimental design (with DIC images of undifferentiated and differentiated liver organoids) to study the potential effects of MSC-derived conditioned medium (CM). (B–E) Expression analysis of markers of hepatic differentiation (ALB, NTCP, and CYP3A4) and of the stem marker (LGR5) in liver organoids differentiated for 15 days in each condition. DM, differentiation medium; EM, expansion medium; 2D hAMSC-CM, DM conditioned for 3 days by hAMSCs grown in monolayer; 3D hAMSC-CM, DM conditioned for 3 days by hAMSCs grown as spheroids. Transcript levels were normalized to those of GAPDH and expressed as fold change (2^−ΔΔCt) vs. EM. Data are means ± SD.; *p < 0.05 vs. EM; ^#p < 0.05 vs. 2D hAMSC-CM. DIC, differential interference contrast.