Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Intervention control |
No. of patients | Level | Local anesthetics | Confirmation of blocking effect | Type of surgery |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ciftci et al. 2020 [13] | ESPB | 30 | L3 | 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine each side | No | Single-level lumbar discectomy and hemilaminectomy surgery |
| No intervention | 30 | None | None | None | ||
| Eskin et al. 2020 [14] | ESPB | 40 | T12-L5 single segment | 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine each side | No | Lumbar decompression surgery for one or two vertebral levels |
| No intervention | 40 | None | None | None | ||
| Liu et al. 2019 [21] | ESPB | 20 | Surgery segments | 20 mL 0.4% ropivacaine each side | No | Posterior vertebral surgery |
| No intervention | 20 | None | None | None | ||
| Singh et al. 2020 [15] | ESPB | 20 | T10 | 20 mL 0.5% bupivacaine each side | Yes | Prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disk, lumbar stenosis, laminectomy |
| No intervention | 20 | None | None | None | ||
| Wang et al. 2018 [22] | ESPB | 30 | Surgery segments | 15 mL 0.5% ropivacaine each side | No | Posterior lumbar vertebral surgery |
| No intervention | 30 | None | None | None | ||
| Wu et al. 2019 [23] | ESPB | 20 | L4 | 20 mL 0.4% ropivacaine each side | Yes | Posterior lumbar interbody fusion |
| No intervention | 20 | None | None | None | ||
| Yayik et al. 2019 [16] | ESPB | 30 | L4 | 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine each side | Yes | Open lumbar decompression |
| No intervention | 30 | None | None | None | ||
| Yeşiltaş et al. 2021 [17] | ESPB | 28 | Surgery segments | 20 mL (1:1) mixture solution of 0.25% bupivacaine and 1.0% lidocaine | No | Posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion for spondylolisthesis |
| Saline with no block | 28 | Surgery segments | 20 mL saline | None | ||
| Yu and Guo 2018 [24] | ESPB | 30 | Surgery segments | 20 mL 0.375% ropivacaine each side | No | Lumbar spine surgery |
| No intervention | 30 | None | None | None | ||
| Yu et al. 2021 [18] | ESPB | 40 | Surgery segments | 30 mL 0.25% bupivacaine each side | No | Internal fixation for lumbar spinal fractures |
| Saline with no block | 40 | Surgery segments | 30 mL saline each side | None | ||
| Zhang et al. 2021 [19] | ESPB | 30 | L3 | 20 mL 0.4% ropivacaine each side | No | Lumbar spinal fusion surgery |
| Sham blocks | 30 | L3 | Subcutaneous infiltration (1 mL 1% lidocaine) each side | None | ||
| Zhang et al. 2020 [20] | ESPB | 30 | T12 | 25 mL 0.3% ropivacaine each side | Yes | Open posterior lumbar decompression surgery |
| No block | 30 | None | None | None |
ESPB: erector spinae plane block.