Table 2.

Summary of the functional fitness of participants.

Variables	Group	Pre-test	Post-test	Sources	F	p-value	${\eta }_{\text{p}}^2$
		M (SD)	M (SD)
Back scratch (cm)	Experimental	0.15 ± 9.51	−0.38 ± 8.24	Group	1.95	0.17	0.03
	Control	−2.46 ± 10.20	−3.60 ± 11.53	Time	0.91	0.34	0.01
				Group × Time	0.47	0.50	0.01
Chair sit-and-reach (cm)	Experimental	7.01 ± 8.72	9.37 ± 7.71	Group	0.29	0.59	0.00
	Control	9.89 ± 10.57	8.74 ± 9.65	Time	1.04	0.31	0.01
				Group × Time	8.80	0.004*	0.11
Arm curl (times)	Experimental	24.28 ± 5.12	26.61 ± 4.68	Group	0.26	0.87	0.00
	Control	25.88 ± 3.57	25.18 ± 3.01	Time	0.27	0.60	0.00
				Group × Time	0.64	0.43	0.01
Chair stand (times)	Experimental	21.03 ± 3.59	23.54 ± 3.32	Group	1.43	0.24	0.02
	Control	21.38 ± 3.84	21.32 ± 3.10	Time	25.58	<0.001*	0.27
				Group × Time	28.09	<0.001*	0.28
2-min step (times)	Experimental	103.08 ± 11.35	113.28 ± 12.24	Group	0.32	0.58	0.00
	Control	108.44 ± 12.31	110.79 ± 11.14	Time	36.25	<0.001*	0.34
				Group × Time	14.17	<0.001*	0.17
8-foot up-and-go (sec)	Experimental	5.01 ± 0.66	5.04 ± 0.60	Group	3.83	0.06	0.05
	Control	5.19 ± 0.49	5.24 ± 0.51	Time	0.39	0.54	0.04
				Group × Time	0.02	0.97	0.00

M, mean; SD, standard deviation.

^*p < 0.05.