Table 1.

Gut microbiota-derived metabolites and associated genera or species in IBS.

Metabolites	Pathogenesis	Species	Reference
Bile acids	GI mobility and gut permeability	Bifidobacterium and Clostridium Escherichia coli	Duboc et al., 2012; Dior et al., 2016; Wei et al., 2020
SCFAs	visceral hypersensitivity and inflammation	Veillonella, Lactobacillus, Lachnospira, Clostridium spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Veillonella spp., Clostridia, Bifdobacteria, Ruminococccaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae	Louis et al., 2010; Canani et al., 2011; Ringel-Kulka et al., 2015; Barbara et al., 2016; Rajilić-Stojanović et al., 2015; Farup et al., 2016; Morrison and Preston, 2016
Acetate		Bacteroides spp. and Veillonella spp.	Barbara et al., 2016
Propionate		Fecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia spp., Eubacterium rectale, Eubacterium hallii, and Coprococcus comes	Macfarlane and Macfarlane, 2003; Louis et al., 2010; Vital et al., 2017
Butyrate
Tryptophan	gut permeability	Lactobacillus	Vujkovic-Cvijin et al., 2013; Agus et al., 2018; Sun et al., 2019
Neurotransmitters
GABA	Visceral pain, inflammation, and visceral hypersensitivity	Lactobacillus brevis and Bifidobacterium dentium	Mazzoli and Pessione, 2016
Dopamine	Inflammation, visceral pain, GI mobility, and psychological factors	Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei and Staphylococcus aureus	Strandwitz, 2018
5-HT	Changes in ENS and gut–brain axis, visceral pain, and visceral hypersensitivity	Corynebacterium spp., Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp.	Walther et al., 2003
Vitamins
Vitamin D	Inflammation and gut permeability	Salmonella typhimurium	Wu et al., 2010
Vitamin B6	Inflammation	Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria phyla	Lagier et al., 2015
Hypoxanthine		Lachnospiracea strains, Barnesiella and Prevotella	Zhao et al., 2013; Mars et al., 2020

SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; 5-HT, serotonin; GI mobility, gastrointestinal mobility; ENS, enteric nervous system.