Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants
| Overall (n=3363) | Q1(LAP<21.45, n=874) | Q2(21.45≤LAP<35.48, n=827) | Q3(35.28≤LAP<55.48, n=832) | Q4(LAP≥55.48, n=830) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 71.1±6.0 | 71.1±6.1 | 71.0±5.8 | 71.0±6.1 | 71.3±6.0 | 0.79 |
| Male, n (%) | 1467(43.63) | 472(54.00) | 389(47.04) | 319(38.34) | 287(34.58) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 2220(66.01) | 459(52.52) | 538(65.05) | 596(71.63) | 627(75.54) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 756(22.48) | 148(16.93) | 169(20.44) | 175(21.03) | 264(31.81) | <0.001 |
| Smoking habit, n (%) | 833(24.77) | 249(28.49) | 215(26.00) | 179(21.51) | 190(22.89) | 0.004 |
| Family history of premature CVD, n (%) | 722(21.47) | 176(20.14) | 183(22.13) | 170(20.43) | 193(23.25) | 0.36 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 135.5±17.2 | 130.5±17.1 | 135.4±16.7 | 136.8±16.1 | 139.5±17.5 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.2±9.6 | 77.0±9.0 | 78.8±9.2 | 80.7±9.9 | 80.6±10.1 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 86.6±9.9 | 77.5±7.9 | 85.0±6.6 | 89.6±7.1 | 94.5±8.6 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6±3.6 | 21.2±2.8 | 23.5±2.5 | 25.0±2.8 | 26.7±3.7 | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.8±1.8 | 5.5±1.6 | 5.7±1.6 | 5.8±1.7 | 6.2±2.0 | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.1±1.0 | 4.8±1.0 | 5.0±1.0 | 5.2±0.9 | 5.4±1.1 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C(mmol/L) | 1.40±0.37 | 1.62±0.40 | 1.45±0.34 | 1.34±0.31 | 1.19±0.26 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C(mmol/L) | 3.1±0.9 | 2.86±0.81 | 3.13±0.85 | 3.26±0.85 | 3.28±1.02 | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.6±1.0 | 0.9±0.3 | 1.3±0.3 | 1.6±0.4 | 2.7±1.5 | <0.001 |
| Antihypertension agents, n (%) | 1682(50.01) | 324(37.07) | 407(49.21) | 452(54.33) | 499(60.12) | <0.001 |
| LVH, n (%) | 807(24.00) | 151(17.28) | 177(21.40) | 217(26.08) | 262(31.57) | <0.001 |
| AS, n (%) | 1075(31.97) | 203(23.22) | 254(30.71) | 271(32.57) | 347(41.80) | <0.001 |
| LEA, n (%) | 436(12.96) | 99(11.33) | 80(9.67) | 110(13.22) | 147(17.71) | <0.001 |
| MAU, n (%) | 1722(51.20) | 423(48.40) | 389(47.03) | 427(51.32) | 483(58.19) | <0.001 |
| CKD, n (%) | 304(9.03) | 71(8.12) | 56(6.77) | 73(8.77) | 104(12.53) | <0.001 |
| ABI | 1.03±0.12 | 1.04±0.12 | 1.04±0.11 | 1.02±0.13 | 1.00±0.13 | <0.001 |
| LVMI(g/m2) | 87.8±28.5 | 82.7±26.7 | 86.7±26.7 | 89.5±29.8 | 92.3±29.9 | <0.001 |
| Cf-PWV (m/s) | 9.33±2.29 | 8.81±2.26 | 9.18±2.20 | 9.42±2.17 | 9.92±2.41 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73/m2) | 85.1±20.0 | 87.3±17.7 | 86.5±22.7 | 84.5±19.1 | 82.1±19.8 | <0.001 |
| Log (UACR) (mg/g) | 3.46±1.13 | 3.34±1.07 | 3.33±1.12 | 3.45±1.16 | 3.70±1.12 | <0.001 |
| LAP | 43.5±36.0 | 13.5±5.7 | 28.2±4.0 | 43.9±5.7 | 88.1±44.6 | <0.001 |
Note: Quantitative variables are shown as mean±SD, and qualitative parameters are presented as numbers with the percentage in parentheses.
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting glucose; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; AS, arterial stiffness; LEA, lower extremity atherosclerotic; MAU, micro-albuminuria; CKD, chronic kidney disease; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; cf-PWV, carotid to femoral aortic pulse wave velocity; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urine albumin to creatinine ratio; LAP, lipid accumulation product.