FIGURE 11.

Proposed mechanism of TFLS anti-PCa cells. In brief, TFLS inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT after entering cells, which resulted in decreased phosphorylation of mTOR and IκBα. Then, IκBα and NF-κB combined to form complex of NF-κB-IκBα, which suppressed NF-κB to translocate into the nucleus. The reduction of mTOR phosphorylation and inhibition of NF-κB’s nuclear translocation thus regulated the expression of apoptosis- and EMT-related proteins. As a result, cancer progression was suppressed.