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. 2021 Sep 17;12:100142. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100142

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6

The spatial form periosteal bone scaffold promoted osteogenesis and angiogenesis. (A, B) Representative immunofluorescence images showing the expression of RUNX2 (A) and Col 1α1 (B) in the MSCs cultured on the decellularized decalcified cortical bone (DCB), and periosteal bone scaffold for 7 and 14 days respectively (green: RUNX2 or Col 1α1; red: phalloidin; blue: nucleus). (C) Relative mRNA expression of RUNX2, ALP, Col1α1, OCN, and OPN in MSCs cultured in polystyrene plate, the DCB and periosteal bone scaffolds for 14 days. (D) Tube formation images in the phosphate buffer solution (PBS), DCB, periosteal bone scaffold, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) groups. (E, F) Quantitative analysis of loops (E) and intersection nodes (F) in D), three representative pictures were selected in each group for statistics. (G) H&E images revealed vascular infiltration 4 weeks after subcutaneous implantation in the DCB and periosteal bone scaffold groups. (H) Quantitative analysis of infiltrated vessels in the DCB and periosteal bone scaffold groups 4 weeks after subcutaneous implantation. DCB: Decellularized decalcified bone scaffold; P–B: Periosteal bone scaffold. Black triangle: blood vessel. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 4). (Scale bars are listed above; ∗: P < 0.05, ∗∗: P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗: P < 0.001).