m6A modification upregulation, autophagy activation, and ferroptosis induction occur in human HSCs receiving sorafenib monotherapy. (A, B) laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to isolated the primary human HSCs from the collected liver tissue. ACTA2, FN1, COL1A1, METTL4, FTO, and YTHDF1 mRNA expression were determined by real-time PCR (No treatment, n = 10; Sorafenib treatment, n = 10, **, p < 0.01, ***, p < 0.001). (C) The m6A levels were determined by m6A RNA Methylation Quantitative kit (No treatment, n = 10; Sorafenib treatment, n = 10, ***, p < 0.001). (D) Real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression of autophagy markers BECN1, MAP1LC3B, SQSTM1, and FTH1 (No treatment, n = 10; Sorafenib treatment, n = 10, ***, p < 0.001). (E) The PTGS2 mRNA expression, iron accumulation, MDA production and GSH depletion were determined (No treatment, n = 10; Sorafenib treatment, n = 10, ***, p < 0.001).