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. 2021 Sep 23;9:745670. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.745670

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Copyright © 2021 Müller, Hatzfeld and Keil.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Desmosomes as dynamic structures (created with biorender.com). Desmosomes are composed of the desmosomal cadherins desmoglein (DSG) 1-4 and desmocollin (DSC) 1-3, the armadillo family proteins plakoglobin (PG) and plakophilin (PKP) 1-3 and the plakin family protein desmoplakin (DSP) that anchors keratin filaments. Their expression is tightly regulated at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational and posttranslational level. Tissue damage, growth factors and mechanical cues affect desmosomes by altering their composition, localization and function. Thus, the dynamic modulation of desmosomes is crucial for cells adapting to a changing environment.