TABLE 2.
Comparison of the top 15 pathways of different biomarker sets.
| p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| miRNA | miRNA–mRNA | miRNA–mRNA–methylation | |
| 6.3.2.- | — | 1.60 × 10−02 | — |
| cAMP signaling pathway | 7.40 × 10−04 | — | — |
| Chemokine signaling pathway (*) | — | 2.40 × 10−07 | 1.60 10−10 |
| Cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction | — | — | 1.90 10−04 |
| Endocytosis | 4.30 × 10−04 | 6.30 × 10−11 | 1.40 10−04 |
| Focal adhesion | 6.10 × 10−09 | 1.40 10−06 | 2.80 10−07 |
| Hepatitis B | 4.40 × 10−09 | — | — |
| HTLV-I infection | 5.10 × 10−07 | 3.60 × 10−13 | 2.00 × 10−09 |
| MAPK signaling pathway | 1.60 × 10−03 | 6.70 × 10−11 | 4.90 × 10−04 |
| Osteoclast differentiation (*) | — | — | 2.90 × 10−14 |
| Pathways in cancer | 4.60 × 10−13 | 3.10 × 10−16 | 1.20 × 10−12 |
| PI3K-Akt signaling pathway | 7.00 × 10−05 | 8.00 × 10−06 | 1.90 × 10−05 |
| Proteoglycans in cancer | 2.00 × 10−10 | 5.70 × 10−10 | 2.70 × 10−08 |
| R-HSA-212436 | 3.40 × 10−05 | 6.00 × 10−03 | — |
| R-HSA-983168 | 3.60 × 10−03 | 3.80 × 10−05 | 7.30 × 10−03 |
| Rap1 signaling pathway (*) | 4.80 × 10−07 | 4.30 × 10−06 | 3.70 × 10−10 |
| Ras signaling pathway | 3.80 × 10−06 | 1.50 × 10−07 | 3.00 × 10−08 |
| Regulation of actin cytoskeleton | 1.80 × 10−03 | 1.70 × 10−05 | 1.50 × 10−04 |
| Viral carcinogenesis | 9.70 × 10−06 | 5.10 × 10−04 | 3.80 × 10−04 |
*p-values of the osteoclast, Rap one signaling pathway, and chemokine signaling pathways gradually increased after adding a new biomarker set. In addition, the Rap1 signaling pathway and chemokine signaling were listed among the top three pathways with increasing significance with osteoclast differentiation. Other pathways with increasing significance, such as cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and the Ras signaling pathway, are also observed.