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. 2021 Oct 7;9(1):55. doi: 10.1007/s40203-021-00114-w

Table 2.

Highest scoring docked conformations of ACE2–SARS-CoV2 S spike glycoprotein complexed with different ligands

Ligands Molecular structure ΔGa (kcal/mol) ΔGb (kcal/mol) H bonding
Ligand–protein
Non-covalent interactions
Ligand–protein
ACE inhibitor (Sigma) graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figm_HTML.gif − 10.0 ± 0.033 − 9.2 ± 0.033

C=O(1)–Lys74(A) C=O(5)–Trp69(A)

C=O(9)–Trp349(A)

Arg(6)NH2–Met62(A)

Arg(6)NH–Ser43(A)

Pro(1)–Ser70(A)

Pro(2)–Leu100(A)

Ile(3)–Gln102(A)

Pro(5)–Leu73(A)

Pro(7)–Trp349(A)

Trp(8)–Phe40/Tyr385(A)

Cyc(10)-Ala348(A)

Remdesivir graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Fign_HTML.gif − 8.1 ± 0.15 − 7.9 ± 0.070

NH2(1)–Glu398(A)

NH(3)–Asp350(A)

Alkyl(4)–Phe390/Phe40(A)

Phe–Ser47(A)

OH(2)–His378(A)

Hydoxychloroquine graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figo_HTML.gif − 6.3 ± 0.09 − 6.3 ± 0.22 NH(1)–Tyr385(A)

OH–Arg393(A)

Pyr N–His378(A)

N2–Arg393/Asp350(A)

Chloroquine graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figp_HTML.gif − 6.1 ± 0.07 − 6.1 ± 0.22 NH(1)–Tyr385(A)

OH–Arg393

Pyr N–His378(A)

N2–Arg393/Asp350/Phe40(A)

Dexamethasone graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figq_HTML.gif − 7.2 ± 0.00 − 7.3 ± 0.00 C=O(3)–Ser47/Trp349(A)

OH(2)–Asp350(A)

OH(3)–Asp382/Tyr385(A)

Losartan graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figr_HTML.gif − 7.6 ± 0.19 − 7.2 ± 0.088 None

OH–His378/Ala348(A)

Het(1)–Asn394(A)

Phe(2)–Phe40/Arg393(A)

Alkyl(4)–Try349(A)

Olmesartan graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figs_HTML.gif − 7.7 ± 0.033 − 7.4 ± 0.033

N(1)–Asp350(A)

C=O(6)–Ala348(A)

Ph(2)–Trp349/Phe40(A)

Alkyl(4)–Thr347(A)

Cyc(7)–His401(A)

Atorvastatin graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figt_HTML.gif − 8.1 ± 0.067 − 8.0 ± 0.058

OH(3)–His378(A)

OH(5)–Pro346(A)

C=O()–Asp350(A)

Ph(1)–Tyr385(A)

Ph(F)–Trp349/Phe40(A)

Simvastatin graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figu_HTML.gif − 6.5 ± 0.00 − 6.7 ± 0.00 OH–Asp382(A)

Cyc(1)–Phe40(A)

Cyc(2)–Trp69/Phe390(A)

Cyc(3)–Asp350(A)

Clopidogrel graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figv_HTML.gif − 6.9 ± 0.00 − 6.7 ± 0.067 None

Ph(Cl)–Phe40(A)

Thiphenyl–Asp350(A)

Quinapril graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figw_HTML.gif − 8.4 ± 0.033 − 8.1 ± 0.23 C=O(3)–Gln98(A)

O(1)–Gln102(A)/Tyr202(A)

OH(4)–Leu95(A)

Bn–Asn194(A)

Fused Ph–Leu95/Lys562(A)

Ramepril graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figx_HTML.gif − 7.7 ± 0.14 − 8.0 ± 0.14 C=O(2)–Lys441(A)

Bn–Phe438/Pro415(A)

OH(4)–Ser405/Leu370(A)

Cp–Leu410(A)

O(1)–Asp292(A)

Benazepril graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figy_HTML.gif − 7.6 ± 0.10 − 7.3 ± 0.27 C=O(3)–Asp350(A)

Fused Ph–Phe40/Trp349(A)

C=O(2)–Arg393(A)

Bn–Leu391(A)

Moexipril graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figz_HTML.gif − 7.5 ± 0.00 − 7.6 ± 0.088

C=O(2)–Try349 (A)

C=O(4)–Try349(A)

OH(4)–Asp350(A)

O(5)–Ser47/Met62(A)

Fused Ph–Phe40(A)

Bn–Phe390(A)

C=O(4)–Try349(A)

EtO(1)–His378/His401(A)

Zofenopril graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figaa_HTML.gif − 7.4 ± 0.033 − 7.6 ± 0.12 None

PhS–Ser47/Ser44(A)

C=O(3)–Asn394(A)

OH(4)–Tyr385(A)

PhC=O(2)–Arg393(A)

Enalapril graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figab_HTML.gif − 7.1 ± 0.20 − 7.4 C=O(2)–Lys441(A)

Bn–Phe438/Ile291/Met366(A)

OH(4)–Ser405/Leu370(A)

Pyr–Leu410(A)

O(1)–Asp292/Asp367(A)

Fosenopril graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figac_HTML.gif − 7.3 ± 0.00 − 7.5 ± 0.11 P=O–Asp350(A)

iPr–His401(A)

Ph–Tyr385/Phe40(A)

Cyc–Thr347Trp349(A)

P=O–Asp382(A)

MLN-4760 graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figad_HTML.gif − 6.9 ± 0.12 − 7.3 ± 0.067

OH(1)–Ala348(A)

NH(2)–Ala348(A)

OH(3)–Asp340(A)

iBut–His401(A)

Ph–Asp350/Arg393(A)

Perindopril graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figae_HTML.gif − 6.3 ± 0.00 − 6.2 ± 0.15 None

OH(4)–Gln81/Asn103(A)

C=O(3)–Gln98(A)

Cyc–Leu95(A)

O(1)–His195/Tyr196(A)

Nicotianamine (NAM) graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figaf_HTML.gif − 5.9 ± 0.088 − 6.2 ± 0.14

C=O(5)–Trp566(A)

OH(5)–Asn210(A)

OH(1)–Gly205(A)

NH(2)–Gly205(A)

Cyc–Leu95(A)

CycN–Lys562(A)

NH(4)–Gln98(A)

C=O(1)–Tyr196(A)

Captopril graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figag_HTML.gif − 4.8 ± 0.00 − 5.4 ± 0.033 C=O(3)–Met270(A)

SH–Thr276(A)

Met–Phe274(A)

OH(1)–Ala153(A)

CycPro–Met270/Trp271(A)

N-(2-aminoethyl)-1-aziridine-ethanamine (NAAE) graphic file with name 40203_2021_114_Figah_HTML.gif − 3.8 ± 0.12 − 3.8 ± 0.033 None

Cyc–Glu435/Phe438(A)

NH(2)–Ile291/Thr434(A)

NH2(1)–Asn290/Asn437(A)

ΔGa and ΔGb were determined using PDB ID:6M0J and PDB ID:6LZG, respectively. Ligand-protein interactions were derived from PDB ID:6M0J

A chain A or ACE2 receptor, E SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or chain E, Ph benzene ring, Pyr pyridine, Cyc cyclic chain, Bn benzyl ring, Cp cyclopentyl, Et ethyl, iPr isopropyl, iBut isobutyl