FIGURE 4.

Topology. Food‐web topology is the arrangement of elements (nodes—trophic “species”, and links—feeding interactions) in a trophic network. Depicted are three different topologies. (a) Example of a two‐node food chain where a lady‐beetle population feeds on an aphid population, for example, in a simplified experimental setting. (b and c) could represent the same underlying community with different resolution, where (c) (species level) has a higher resolution than (b) (functional feeding guilds). For icon sources, please refer to acknowledgements