Table 2. Concentrations of SCFAs in Incubation Solutions at Different Time Points^a.

		anaerobic incubation time (h)
SCFAs (mM)	samples	0	3	6	12	24
acetate	control	0.31 ± 0.02	1.02 ± 0.04 a	2.14 ± 0.08 a	2.89 ± 0.10 a	4.16 ± 1.19 a
	FOS		1.89 ± 0.04 b	4.22 ± 0.20 b	7.78 ± 0.29 b	9.47 ± 0.34 b
	MV		2.18 ± 0.50 b	6.30 ± 0.28 c	11.66 ± 0.56 c	15.34 ± 0.68 c
propionate	control	0.29 ± 0.02	0.84 ± 0.01 a	1.61 ± 0.03 a	2.98 ± 0.11 a	2.68 ± 0.53 a
	FOS		3.78 ± 0.09 c	11.11 ± 0.29 c	10.18 ± 0.33 c	10.53 ± 0.79 c
	MV		1.46 ± 0.08 b	3.73 ± 0.10 b	6.41 ± 0.22 b	8.43 ± 0.28 b
butyrate	control	0.33 ± 0.01	1.01 ± 0.01 a	1.82 ± 0.02 a	2.51 ± 0.05 a	2.33 ± 0.06 a
	FOS		1.56 ± 0.01 b	4.49 ± 0.07 c	4.94 ± 0.08 b	3.35 ± 0.12 b
	MV		1.53 ± 0.19 b	3.42 ± 0.06 b	5.63 ± 0.13 c	6.98 ± 0.13 c
isobutyrate	control	M	nd	0.04 ± 0.01 a	0.95 ± 0.02 b	1.01 ± 0.02 b
	FOS		nd	nd	nd	nd
	MV		nd	0.08 ± 0.01 b	0.16 ± 0.01 a	0.15 ± 0.01 a
valerate	control	nd	nd	0.10 ± 0.01 a	0.39 ± 0.05 c	0.22 ± 0.03 b
	FOS		0.05 ± 0.01 a	0.09 ± 0.01 a	0.10 ± 0.01 a	0.06 ± 0.01 a
	MV		nd	0.11 ± 0.01 a	0.22 ± 0.01 b	0.31 ± 0.01 c
isovalerate	control	nd	nd	0.29 ± 0.01 b	2.17 ± 0.03 c	2.24 ± 0.01 c
	FOS		nd	0.05 ± 0.01 a	0.06 ± 0.01 a	0.08 ± 0.05 a
	MV		nd	0.30 ± 0.01 b	0.53 ± 0.01 b	0.58 ± 0.01 b

^aDifferent lowercase letters indicate significances (P < 0.05) among groups; nd, not detected.