Table 3. Kinetic Models and Adsorption Isotherms Used in the Present Study^a.

	model	linear form
kinetic models	pseudo-first-order
	pseudo-second-order
	Elovich
	goodness of adsorption (Chi-square)
adsorption isotherm	Langmuir isotherm
	Freundlich isotherm
	Temkin

^aq_e, q_t, and q_m are the amount of adsorbed dye at equilibrium, the amount of dye adsorbed at time t, and the maximum adsorption capacity (mg·g^–1), respectively. K₁ and K₂ are the rate constant of pseudo-first-order (min^–1) and rate constant of pseudo-second-order (g·mg^–1·min^–1), respectively. β is the desorption constant (g·mg^–1) and α is the initial adsorption rate (mg·g^–1·min^–1). C_e is the equilibrium concentration (mg·L^–1), K_L is the adsorption equilibrium constant (L·mg^–1), R_L is the separation factor, B₁ is the Temkin constant, and A is the equilibrium bond constant.