Structural remodeling of sLNv projections is affected by DPP release in the AME. A, Schematic diagram of a hemibrain, highlighting the lLNv cluster (left). Representative confocal images of a single focal plane onto the sLNv somas on DPP overexpression from the lLNvs using the dpp::GFP reporter (green) driven by the R10H10G4 driver; LNv somas and projections are labeled with RFP (in red); * indicates colocalization of dpp::GFP. B, Quantitation of the complexity of the sLNv projections and PDF immunoreactivity. Dots represent individual brains; intensity was normalized in at least two independent experiments. Statistical analysis: #intersections, Kruskal–Wallis test, χ2 = 16.22, p = 0.0010, df = 3; PDF levels at ZT02 and ZT14 between control (gray) and DPP OE (green); Kruskal–Wallis test, χ2 = 51.27 p < 0.0001, df = 3; Dunn's post hoc multiple comparisons test. C, Number of intersections per ring (each 10 um) between ZT02 (yellow squares) and ZT14 (gray squares) in control (gray background) and with DPP OE (green background). Statistical analysis included a two-way ANOVA; different letters and * indicate statistically significant differences, p < 0.05.