Table 2 .
FAN coordinator and pastor scores for each item, by domain and construct of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), and associations with 12-month physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE) implementation
| CFIR domain, construct, and item | FAN coordinators | Pastors | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical activity | Healthy eating | Physical activity | Healthy eating | |||||
| Mean (SD) or % | Model β a | Mean (SD) or % | Model β a | Mean (SD) or % | Model β a | Mean (SD) or % | Model β a | |
| INTERVENTION CHARACTERISTICS | ||||||||
| Adaptability (PT) | ||||||||
| Can be adapted to fit church | 3.09 (0.42) | 0.11 | 3.11 (0.41) | 0.08 | 3.18 (0.43) | 0.03 | 3.27 (0.45) | 0.04 |
| Complexity (PT) | ||||||||
| Easy to use | 3.11 (0.41) | 0.12 | 3.14 (0.48) | 0.03 | 3.13 (0.47) | 0.25 | 3.11 (0.50) | 0.06 |
| Clear and understandable | 3.29 (0.46) | 0.14 | 3.37 (0.48) | 0.01 | 3.33 (0.47) | 0.17 | 3.39 (0.49) | -0.06 |
| Cost (PT) | ||||||||
| Expensive (reverse) | 2.94 (0.53) | 0.08 | 2.78 (0.67) | 0.08 | 3.23 (0.43) | -0.04 | 2.89 (0.71) | -0.19 |
| Great deal of time (reverse) | 2.76 (0.59) | 0.12 | 2.64 (0.68) | 0.20 | 2.98 (0.56) | 0.18 | 2.86 (0.59) | 0.29* |
| Relative advantage (12M) | ||||||||
| More effective than other programs | 2.99 (0.59) | 0.29* | 2.99 (0.59) | 0.39*** | -- | -- | ||
| OUTER SETTING | ||||||||
| External policies & incentives (BL) | ||||||||
| Leaders of denomination expect participation | -- | -- | 2.70 (0.73) | -0.02 | 2.70 (0.73) | -0.06 | ||
| Peer pressure (12M) | ||||||||
| Helps you keep up with other churches | -- | -- | 2.79 (0.69) | 0.11 | 2.79 (0.69) | 0.14 | ||
| INNER SETTING | ||||||||
| Structural characteristics (C or BL) | ||||||||
| Presence of health ministry, % (BL) | 45.16 | 0.01 | 45.16 | 0.10 | 45.16 | 0.01 | 45.16 | 0.10 |
| 500+ members, % (C) | 24.73 | -0.15 | 24.73 | -0.26* | 24.73 | -0.15 | 24.73 | -0.26* |
| Predominantly African American, % (C) | 41.90 | 0.26* | 41.90 | 0.29* | 41.90 | 0.26* | 41.90 | 0.29* |
| Pastor change in past year, % (C) | 34.44 | -0.10 | 34.44 | -0.05 | 34.44 | -0.10 | 34.44 | -0.05 |
| Tenure of pastor, years (BL) | 3.01 (3.17) | 0.01 | 3.01 (3.17) | -0.04 | 3.01 (3.17) | 0.01 | 3.01 (3.17) | -0.04 |
| Culture (BL)b | 3.40 (0.49) | 0.23* | 3.40 (0.49) | 0.16 | 3.31 (0.46) | 0.08 | 3.31 (0.46) | 0.04 |
| Networks & Communications (BL)c | ||||||||
| Composite | 3.26 (0.42) | 0.27* | 3.26 (0.42) | 0.23* | 3.47 (0.43) | 0.13 | 3.47 (0.43) | 0.09 |
| Little tension/conflict | 2.89 (0.54) | 0.12 | 2.89 (0.54) | 0.06 | 3.01 (0.61) | 0.04 | 3.01 (0.61) | -0.16 |
| Implementation climate | ||||||||
| Tension for change (BL) | ||||||||
| New ideas readily accepted | 2.65 (0.60) | 0.28** | 2.65 (0.60) | 0.07 | 2.76 (0.50) | 0.08 | 2.76 (0.50) | 0.03 |
| Leaders like traditional ways (reverse) | 2.21 (0.67) | 0.06 | 2.21 (0.67) | 0.13 | 2.24 (0.60) | 0.00 | 2.24 (0.60) | -0.14 |
| Compatibility (PT) | ||||||||
| Matches church priorities | 3.10 (0.60) | 0.08 | 3.10 (0.60) | 0.19 | 3.29 (0.50) | 0.23 | 3.29 (0.50) | 0.07 |
| Fits with way you work | 3.33 (0.47) | -0.02 | 3.33 (0.47) | 0.01 | 3.09 (0.65) | 0.11 | 3.09 (0.65) | 0.05 |
| Relative priority (12M for coordinators, BL for pastors) | ||||||||
| Health ministry as important as spiritual ministry | 3.02 (0.68) | 0.29** | 3.02 (0.68) | 0.32** | 2.68 (0.74) | 0.10 | 2.68 (0.74) | 0.26* |
| Organizational incentives/rewards (12M) | ||||||||
| Recognized for implementation | 2.95 (0.58) | 0.46*** | 3.11 (0.58) | 0.42*** | – | – | ||
| Readiness for implementation (12M) | ||||||||
| Received enough training | 3.12 (0.45) | 0.18 | 3.20 (0.58) | 0.27* | – | – | ||
| Pastor encouraged congregants to embrace | 3.06 (0.61) | 0.36*** | 3.12 (0.65) | 0.30** | – | – | ||
| Congregant needs (12M) | ||||||||
| Well received by most congregants | 2.73 (0.71) | 0.47*** | 2.88 (0.69) | 0.36*** | 2.85 (0.69) | 0.14 | 3.14 (0.68) | 0.10 |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INDIVIDUAL | ||||||||
| Beliefs about the intervention (PT) | ||||||||
| Valuable for church | 3.39 (0.49) | 0.04 | 3.48 (0.50) | 0.11 | -- | -- | ||
| Self-efficacy (PT) | ||||||||
| Have skills to make changes | 3.10 (0.37) | 0.03 | 3.16 (0.45) | 0.01 | -- | -- | ||
| Confident can make changes | 3.08 (0.44) | 0.22* | 3.08 (0.49) | 0.07 | -- | -- | ||
| Perceived benefits (PT) | ||||||||
| Church will benefit from changes | 3.43 (0.50) | 0.00 | 3.57 (0.50) | -0.02 | -- | -- | ||
| Worthwhile for me if church makes changes | 3.42 (0.50) | 0.01 | 3.58 (0.52) | 0.11 | -- | -- | ||
| Individual identification with organization (BL) | ||||||||
| Want to perform to best of ability | 3.60 (0.49) | 0.37*** | 3.60 (0.49) | 0.25* | -- | -- | ||
| Feel strong sense of commitment | 3.72 (0.45) | 0.23* | 3.72 (0.45) | 0.12 | -- | -- | ||
| Other personal attributes (BL) | ||||||||
| Church membership >3 years, % | 82.61 | 0.23* | 82.61 | 0.11 | -- | -- | ||
| Health promotion efforts (led for coordinator, held at church for pastor), % | 54.35 | 0.17 | 54.35 | 0.16 | 60.22 | -0.07 | 60.22 | -0.06 |
| Age, years | 56.16 (13.1) | 0.05 | 56.16 (13.1) | 0.16 | 55.22 (10.33) | 0.07 | 55.22 (10.33) | 0.01 |
| College degree, % | 89.13 | -0.03 | 89.13 | -0.13 | 100 | n/a | 100 | n/a |
| Women, % | 94.57 | 0.14 | 94.57 | 0.07 | 40.86 | 0.16 | 40.86 | 0.18 |
| Meets PA (F&V) recommendations, % | 62.64 | -0.08 | 27.47 | 0.07 | 45.16 | -0.02 | 45.16 | 0.06 |
| Self-rated health (5=excellent) | 3.61 (0.94) | 0.11 | 3.61 (0.94) | -0.09 | 3.44 (0.73) | -0.01 | 3.44 (0.73) | 0.10 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.76 (5.41) | 0.10 | 27.76 (5.41) | 0.16 | 30.02 (5.81) | 0.14 | 30.02 (5.81) | 0.05 |
| IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS | ||||||||
| Engaging opinion leaders (12M) | ||||||||
| Leaders actively involved | 2.69 (0.68) | 0.44*** | 2.84 (0.76) | 0.34** | -- | -- | ||
| Engaging champions (12M) | ||||||||
| At least one person is champion | 3.17 (0.56) | 0.30** | 3.24 (0.58) | 0.35** | -- | -- |
Notes: For FAN coordinators, sample sizes ranged from 73 to 84 across individual models. For pastors, sample sizes ranged from 81 to 84 for baseline predictors, 51 to 53 for post-training predictors, and 71 to 72 for 12-month predictors. The exact wording of items is available in Supplemental Table 1. Time of item administration is noted by: C, reported from church conference prior to starting study, BL, reported at baseline (pre-training), PT, reported immediate post-training, 12M, reported 12 months.
aβ represents the standardized regression coefficient for each CFIR item predicting 12-month PA and HE implementation, adjusted for baseline policies and practices.
bCulture score was an average of 2 items: pastor has a sense of personal responsibility for improving congregant health, pastor is open to changes in practices that impact congregants. Coefficient alpha = 0.74 (FAN coordinator) and 0.78 (pastor).
cComposite score for networks and communication was an average of 3 items: pastor and church leaders share information and knowledge, church leaders involve members in decision making, and pastor has good working relationships with other church leaders. Coefficient alpha = 0.69 (FAN coordinator) and 0.78 (pastor).
*p < 0.05.
**p < 0.01.
***p < 0.001.