. 2021 Sep 23;12:713485. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713485

Table 6.

Effects of dietary treatment on jejunal gene expression of 7- and 14-day-old broilers.

Items	GML levels (mg/kg feed)					SEM	P-value
Items	CON	300	600	900	1200	SEM	Linear	Quadratic
7 d of age
IL-1β	1.00^a	0.77^ab	1.04^a	0.80^ab	0.55^b	0.05	0.008	0.178
IL-6	1.00	1.38	1.41	1.32	1.16	0.07	0.728	0.135
TNF-α	1.00	1.04	0.97	0.86	0.81	0.04	0.049	0.645
IFN-γ	1.00^a	0.96^ab	1.28^a	0.85^ab	0.59^b	0.08	0.091	0.021
ZO-1	1.00^b	1.13^ab	1.31^a	1.17^ab	1.03^ab	0.04	0.301	0.002
occludin	1.00^b	1.54^a	1.31^a	1.04^b	1.31^a	0.05	0.609	0.075
claudin-1	1.00	0.99	1.29	1.02	1.35	0.07	0.238	0.923
claudin-2	1.00	0.96	1.22	1.22	1.17	0.07	0.302	0.644
TLR4	1.00	1.06	0.91	0.83	1.01	0.04	0.461	0.389
NF-κB	1.00	0.97	1.11	1.01	0.88	0.04	0.438	0.185
14 d of age
IL-1β	1.00	0.71	0.75	0.79	0.80	0.07	0.322	0.220
IL-6	1.00^a	0.87^ab	0.84^ab	1.09^a	0.65^b	0.05	0.071	0.529
TNF-α	1.00	0.94	1.04	0.88	1.07	0.04	0.839	0.414
IFN-γ	1.00^a	0.61^b	0.52^b	0.51^b	0.45^b	0.06	0.006	0.047
ZO-1	1.00	1.02	1.13	1.20	1.34	0.04	0.009	0.555
occludin	1.00^abc	0.86^bc	0.77^c	1.26^a	1.13^ab	0.04	0.009	0.016
claudin-1	1.00	0.92	0.88	1.09	0.84	0.05	0.501	0.964
claudin-2	1.00	0.99	1.00	1.24	1.24	0.06	0.102	0.544
TLR4	1.00^a	0.69^ab	0.63^b	0.82^ab	0.65^b	0.05	0.049	0.102
NF-κB	1.00^a	0.70^ab	0.79^b	0.81^ab	0.74^b	0.03	0.040	0.084

IL-1β, interleukin 1β, IL-6, interleukin 6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; TLR4, toll-like receptor; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B; IFN-γ, interferon γ ; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; TBP, TATA-binding protein; SEM, total standard error of mean.

Values were expressed as least squares means ± SEM (n = 6).

^a,b,cDifferent superscripts in the same line indicate significant differences according to Tukey’s multiple comparisons (P < 0.05).