Table 3.

Physician Commitment and Quality

Author	Population	Methods	Outcomes
Lukas et al. (2013)	4,156 residents of seven European countries	Cross-sectional study of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic pain management using InterRAI instruments	High turnover rates of regular staff and low-to-moderate physicians’ availability were negatively associated with pharmacological pain management
Laffon de Mazieres et al. (2015)	6,275 residents of 175 nursing homes in France	Cross-sectional	Residents who lived in NHs with 30 GP/100 beds had a higher likelihood of potentially inappropriate prescription versus those in NHs with fewer than 10 GP/100 beds
Dwyer et al. (2015)	78 papers included all observational studies (54% from the United States)	Scoping review of studies reporting unplanned transfers from residential aged care facilities	Higher numbers of unplanned transfers associated with lower number of physician hours per resident and absence of specialized geriatrician consultation
Gard-Marshall et al. (2016)	10 Long-term care facilities in Nova Scotia with 1,424 beds	Observational time series before and after implementation of the model which assigned physicians to specific units with scheduled on-site rounds (Care by Design)	Dedicated physicians participating in the Care by Design model resulted in a 36% reduction of ED transfers with improved relational and informational continuity of care

Note: ED = Emergency Department; GP = general practitioners; NH = nursing home.