Table 3.

Transcriptional regulators in ferroptosis

Transcription factor	Effects	Targets	Mechanism of action	Ref
ATF3	Downregulation	SLC7A11	Enhances ferroptosis induced by erastin through inhibiting cystine import in HT1080 and RPE cells	[230]
ATF4	Upregulation	HSPA5	Suppresses ferroptosis induced by erastin and sulfasalazine in PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells, as well as induced by dihydroartemisinin in U251 and U373 cells, through inhibiting GPX4 degradation	[142,231]
	Upregulation	SLC7A11	Suppresses ferroptosis induced by sorafenib or erastin in U87 cells	[232]
	Upregulation	CHAC1	Enhances ferroptosis induced by artesunate in CA-46 cells, as well as induced by cystine starvation in MDA-MB-231, Hs 578 T, and HCC 1937 cells, through promoting GSH degradation	[233,234]
ARNTL	Downregulation	EGLN2	Suppresses ferroptosis through activation of HIF1A in HT1080 and Calu-1 cells	[177]
	Upregulation	SLC7A11, GPX4, SOD1, TXN, NFE2L2, CHMP5	Suppresses ferroptosis through promoting antioxidant or membrane repair systems in mouse pancreas cells	[179]
BACH1	Downregulation	SLC7A11, GCLM, FTH1, FTL, SLC40A1	Enhances ferroptosis induced by erastin through repressing the transcription of GSH/iron metabolism in MEFs	[235]
ΔNp63α (TP63)	Upregulation	GCLC, GSS, IDH2, GPX2	Suppresses ferroptosis through promoting GSH synthesis in MEFs	[236]
HIC1	Upregulation	HBA1, NNMT, PLIN4	Enhances ferroptosis induced by erastin through inhibiting GSH synthesis in HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells	[237]
HIF1A	Upregulation	FABP3, FABP7	Suppresses ferroptosis induced by RSL3 or FIN56 through promoting lipid storage in HT1080 and Calu-1 cells	[177]
HIF1A	Downregulation	HELLS	Enhances ferroptosis induced by erastin through promoting the expression of GLUT1, SCD1 and FADS2 in A549 and H358 cells	[76]
EPAS1	Upregulation	HILPDA	Enhances ferroptosis induced by ML210 or RSL3 through enriching polyunsaturated lipids in RCC4 and 786-O cells	[82,238]
HNF4A	Upregulation	STMN1, RRM2, CAPG	Suppresses ferroptosis induced by erastin through promoting GSH synthesis in HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells	[237]
HSF1	Upregulation	HSPB1	Suppresses ferroptosis induced by erastin through reducing iron levels in HeLa, U2OS, and LNCaP cells	[239]
JUN (OGlcNAcylated)	Upregulation	PSAT1, CBS	Suppresses ferroptosis induced by erastin through promoting GSH synthesis in Bel-7402 and SMMC-7721 cells	[240]
MTF1	Upregulation	FTH1, FTL, SLC40A1	Suppresses ferroptosis induced by erastin through inhibiting iron accumulation in MDA-MB-231 cells	[241]
NFE2L2	Upregulation	FTH1, SLC40A1, HMOX1, MT1G	Suppresses ferroptosis through regulating iron metabolism	[50,153–155,198,205]
NFE2L2	Upregulation	SLC7A11, CBS, GCLM, CHAC1, ABCC1	Suppresses ferroptosis through regulating GSH metabolism	[156–158,198,242,243]
NFE2L2	Upregulation	NQO1, TXNRD1, AKR1Cs, SESN2, GSTP1	Suppresses ferroptosis through induction of detoxification or antioxidation enzymes	[50,154,155,243,244]
SP1	Upregulation	GPX4	Suppresses ferroptosis induced by hemin through inhibiting lipid peroxidation in primary cortical neurons and a hemorrhagic stroke model	[30]
	Upregulation	ACSL4	Enhances ferroptosis in ischemia/reperfusion injury	[245]
STAT1	Downregulation	SLC7A11	Enhances ferroptosis induced by IFNG through inhibiting cystine import in HT1080 cells	[210]
STAT3	Downregulation	ACSL4	Suppresses ferroptosis through inhibiting lipid peroxidation in MCF10-A cells	[246]
STAT3	Upregulation	CSTB	Enhances ferroptosis induced by erastin or sorafenib through promoting lysosomal cell death in PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells	[222]
TFAP2C	Upregulation	GPX4	Suppresses ferroptosis induced by hemin through inhibiting lipid peroxidation in primary cortical neurons and a hemorrhagic stroke model	[30]
TFEB	Upregulation	SOD1	Suppresses ferroptosis induced by erastin through inhibiting lipid peroxidation in RAW264.7 cells	[247]
TP53	Downregulation	SLC7A11	Enhances ferroptosis induced by erastin through inhibiting cystine import in MEFs and H1299 cells	[147]
TP53	Upregulation	SAT1	Enhances ferroptosis induced by t-BuOOH through promoting SAT1-ALOX12 axis in MEFs and H1299 cells	[151]
TP53	Upregulation	GLS2	Enhances ferroptosis through promoting the glutaminolysis pathway	[101]
TP53	Inhibition of activity	DPP4	Suppresses ferroptosis induced by erastin through inhibiting DPP4-NOX1 axis in HCT116 and SW48 cells	[108]
TP53	Upregulation	CDKN1A	Suppresses ferroptosis in MEFs and HT1080 cells	[150]
WWTR1	Upregulation	EMP1	Enhances ferroptosis induced by erastin through promoting NOX4-dependent lipid peroxidation in RCC4 and 786-O cells	[109]
WWTR1	Upregulation	ANGPTL4	Enhances ferroptosis induced by cysteine deprivation through promoting CYBB-dependent lipid peroxidation in CAOV2 and TOV-21 G cells	[110]
YAP1	Upregulation	TFRC, ACSL4	Enhances ferroptosis induced by cysteine deprivation through promoting iron-dependent lipid peroxidation in HCT116 cells	[160]